{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:25:10Z","timestamp":1787027110824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016045","name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KKU\/RCAMS\/G002-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKU\/RCAMS\/G002-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The domain of the unknown function 221 proteins regulate several processes in plants, including development, growth, hormone transduction mechanism, and abiotic stress response. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the potato genome was conducted to identify the deafness-dystonia peptide (DDP) proteins\u2019 role in potatoes. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the potato domain of the unknown function 221 (DUF221) genes, including phylogenetic inferences, chromosomal locations, gene duplications, gene structures, and expression analysis. In our results, we identified 10\n                    <jats:italic>DDP<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in the potato genome. The phylogenetic analysis results indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>StDDPs<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were distributed in all four clades, and clade IV was the largest clade. The gene duplication under selection pressure analysis indicated various positive and purifying selections in\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. The putative stu-miRNAs from different families targeting\n                    <jats:italic>StDDPs<\/jats:italic>\n                    were also predicted in the present study. Promoter regions of\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes contain different\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acting components involved in multiple stress responses, such as phytohormones and abiotic stress-responsive factors. The analysis of the tissue-specific expression profiling indicated the\n                    <jats:italic>StDDPs<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression in stem, root, and leaf tissues. We subsequently observed that\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>and StDDP8<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed higher expressions in roots, stems, and leaves.\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP5<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited high expression against heat stress response, and\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP7<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed high transcript abundance against salt stress in potatoes. Under abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) treatments, seven\n                    <jats:italic>StDDP<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes\u2019 expressions indicated that ABA and IAA performed important roles in immunity response. The expression profiling and real-time qPCR of stems, roots, and leaves revealed\n                    <jats:italic>StDDPs\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                    significant role in growth and development. These expression results of\n                    <jats:italic>DDPs<\/jats:italic>\n                    are primary functional analysis and present basic information for other economically important crops.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.804600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T01:44:14Z","timestamp":1642643054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of DUF221 Gene Family Provides New Insights Into Abiotic Stress Responses in Potato"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Madiha","family":"Zaynab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaofeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasir","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Albaqami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid","family":"Al-Yahyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahpara","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Azhar","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saqer S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Alaraidh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan O.","family":"Shaikhaldein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-017-1061-z","article-title":"Three members of Medicago truncatula ST family are ubiquitous during development and modulated by nutritional status (MtST1) and dehydration (MtST2 and MtST3).","volume":"17","author":"Albornos","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1107\/S1744309110001685","article-title":"DUFs: families in search of function.","volume":"66","author":"Bateman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. 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