{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:51:03Z","timestamp":1792601463735,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine the allelopathic effects of root exudates from <jats:italic>Flaveria bidentis<\/jats:italic> on function of <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>, pot experiment was used to collect root exudates from living plants and test its allelopathic effects on function of <jats:italic>Bacillus frigoritolerans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacillus megaterium<\/jats:italic>, which were two dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of <jats:italic>F. bidentis<\/jats:italic>. To obtain the allelopathic substances, the root exudates were successively extracted by N-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and N-butanol, and their allelopathic effects were tested. The results showed that <jats:italic>B. frigoritolerans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. megaterium<\/jats:italic> considerably increased the concentration of available phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively, when the soil was treated with different concentrations of root exudates. Among the four organic solvent extracts, dichloromethane extracts significantly increased the abundances of <jats:italic>B. frigoritolerans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. megaterium<\/jats:italic> and promoted their nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing abilities. Phenol was detected in dichloromethane extracts by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Meanwhile, phenol promoted the ability to fix nitrogen of <jats:italic>B. megaterium<\/jats:italic> and its growth by increasing the soil available nitrogen concentration, but phenol promoted the ability to solubilize phosphate of <jats:italic>B. frigoritolerans<\/jats:italic> only in 0.1mg\/mL concentration. Therefore, phenol was an allelochemicals in the root exudates of <jats:italic>F. bidentis<\/jats:italic> that affects the growth and activities of <jats:italic>B. megaterium.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1001208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T15:22:56Z","timestamp":1669908176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effects of allelochemicals from root exudates of Flaveria bidentis on two Bacillus species"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chaofang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-020-00302-1","article-title":"Role of dominant phyllosphere bacteria with plant growth\u2013promoting characteristics on growth and nutrition of maize (Zea mays l.)","volume":"20","author":"Abadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-019-04123-9","article-title":"Diversity- and density-mediated allelopathic effects of resident plant communities on invasion by an exotic plant","volume":"440","author":"Adomako","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2019.153057","article-title":"Metabolites in the root exudates of groundnut change during interaction with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in a strain-specific manner","volume":"243","author":"Ankati","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00601","article-title":"Soil sickness in aged tea plantation is associated with a shift in microbial communities as a result of plant polyphenol accumulation in the tea gardens","volume":"11","author":"Arafat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2021.110621","article-title":"Enhancement of plant growth, acclimatization, salt stress tolerance and verticillium wilt disease resistance using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plum trees (prunus domestica)","volume":"291","author":"Batoul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0093-1","article-title":"Disease-induced assemblage of a plant-beneficial bacterial consortium","volume":"12","author":"Berendsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0436:NWISAT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability","volume":"2","author":"Callaway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2009.01520.x","article-title":"Root exudate is allelopathic in invaded community but not in native community: field evidence for the novel weapons hypothesis","volume":"97","author":"Callaway","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01021.x","article-title":"Are phenolic compounds released from the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus responsible for changes in n cycling in siliceous and calcareous soils","volume":"162","author":"Castells","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0244-8","article-title":"Do carbon-based defences reduce foliar damage? habitat-related effects on tree seedling performance in a temperate rainforest of chiloe island, Chile","volume":"146","author":"Chacon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtab046","article-title":"Bacillus promotes invasiveness of exotic Flaveria bidentis by increasing its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Ecol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.625519","article-title":"Nitrogen uptake, not transfer of carbon and nitrogen by CMN, explains the effect of AMF on the competitive interactions between Flaveria bidentis and native specie","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-020-04594-1","article-title":"Rhizoglomus intraradices and associated Brevibacterium frigoritolerans enhance the competitive growth of Flaveria bidentis","volume":"453","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.882255","article-title":"Rhizospheric bacillus-facilitated effects on the growth and competitive ability of the invasive plant ageratina adenophora","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"72","article-title":"Study on allelopathic substances releasing mode of flaveria bidents","volume":"32","author":"Fen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hebei Agric. Univ."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-10-19-0383-R","article-title":"Multi-trait pseudomonas spp. isolated from monocropped wheat (Triticum aestivum l). suppress Fusarium root and crown rot","volume":"110","author":"Habib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-008-1234-4","article-title":"Novel weapons and invasion: biogeographic differences in the competitive effects of Centaurea maculosa and its root exudate (+\/-)-catechin","volume":"159","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-019-00117-9","article-title":"Faba bean organs differed in their effects on maize seed germination rate and soil microbial activities as well as their decomposition patterns in a regosol soil","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nut."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12085238","article-title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilization on synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in three varieties of kacip fatimah (Labisia pumila blume)","volume":"12","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.08.003","article-title":"The ecosystem and evolutionary contexts of allelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Inderjit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1071\/sr04019","article-title":"Relative efficiency of rhizobacteria for auxin biosynthesis in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils","volume":"42","author":"Khalid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.03.009","article-title":"Impact of allelochemical exuded from allelopathic rice on soil microbial community","volume":"40","author":"Kong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-015-0819-7","article-title":"Soil microbes alleviate allelopathy of invasive plants","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12878","article-title":"Changes in soil microbial communities due to biological invasions can reduce allelopathic effects","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-1565.2014.01.020","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological activity of flaveria bidentis (L.) kuntze","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hebei Univ."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8933","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15128933","article-title":"Phenolics and plant allelopathy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4246","article-title":"Allelobiosis in the interference of allelopathic wheat with weeds","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12674","article-title":"Coumarin enhances nitrate uptake in maize roots through modulation of plasma membrane h+-ATPase activity","volume":"20","author":"Lupini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12868","article-title":"Root exudation of phytosiderophores from soil-grown wheat","volume":"203","author":"Oburger","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-013-0894-3","article-title":"Proven and potential involvement of vitamins in interactions of plants with plant growth-promoting bacteria-an overview","volume":"50","author":"Palacios","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061108","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis cell differentiation, biofilm formation and environmental prevalence","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(97)00119-2","article-title":"Operationally defined extraction procedures for soil and sediment analysis i. standardization","volume":"17","author":"Quevauviller","year":"1998","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Analytical Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201000044","article-title":"Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis","volume":"50","author":"Quideau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2007.12.007","article-title":"Effect of amendments with different phenolic acids on soil microbial biomass, activity, and community diversity","volume":"39","author":"Qu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/fwb.13124","article-title":"Seasonal dependence and functional implications of macrophyte-phytoplankton allelopathic interactions","volume":"63","author":"Santonja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Freshw. Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-95162012000200012","article-title":"Antifungal activity of wheat root exudate extracts on Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici growth","volume":"12","author":"Schalchli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nut."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/wre.12250","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing reveals bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere of the invasive plant Flaveria bidentis","volume":"57","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Weed Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/s2095-3119(20)63234-8","article-title":"Beneficial rhizobacterium provides positive plant\u2013soil feedback effects to Ageratina adenophora","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inter. Agric."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00894-1","article-title":"Increasing flavonoid concentrations in root exudates enhance associations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and an invasive plant","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1039\/c5np00013k","article-title":"Natural products in soil microbe interactions and evolution","volume":"32","author":"Traxler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2018.08.017","article-title":"Growth promotion of rapeseed (Brassica napus) associated with the inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria","volume":"132","author":"Valetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23123098","article-title":"Rice secondary metabolites: structures, roles, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0249834","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249834","article-title":"Elucidating the effect of biofertilizers on bacterial diversity in maize rhizosphere soil","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLos One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8010063","article-title":"Effects of Trichoderma asperellum 6S-2 on apple tree growth and replanted soil microbial environment","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(13)60495-5","article-title":"The extraction, isolation and identification of exudates from the roots of Flaveria bidentis","volume":"13","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inter. Agric."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145188","article-title":"Impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil carbon contents and stability in the yellow river delta, China","volume":"775","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136332","article-title":"The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Spartina alterniflora on controlling the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms","volume":"712","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18289","article-title":"Greater chemical signaling in root exudates enhances soil mutualistic associations in invasive plants compared to natives","volume":"132","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1080\/03650340.2011.572257","article-title":"Influence of coastal plain yellowtops (Flaveria bidentis) residues on growth of cotton seedlings and soil fertility","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Agron. Soil Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13627","article-title":"Effect of allelopathy on plant performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-019-04136-4","article-title":"Identification of phytotoxic metabolites released from Rehmannia glutinosa suggest their importance in the formation of its replant problem","volume":"441","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136138","article-title":"Biochar amendment reduces cadmium uptake by stimulating cadmium-resistant PGPR in tomato rhizosphere","volume":"307","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1001208\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T15:23:00Z","timestamp":1669908180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1001208\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2022.1001208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1001208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"article-number":"1001208"}}