{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:20:18Z","timestamp":1793395218441,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A YOLOX convolutional neural network-based weeding robot was designed for weed removal in corn seedling fields, while verifying the feasibility of a blue light laser as a non-contact weeding tool. The robot includes a tracked mobile platform module, a weed identification module, and a robotic arm laser emitter module. Five-degree-of-freedom robotic arm designed according to the actual weeding operation requirements to achieve precise alignment of the laser. When the robot is in operation, it uses the texture and shape of the plants to differentiate between weeds and corn seedlings. The robot then uses monocular ranging to calculate the coordinates of the weeds using the triangle similarity principle, and it controls the end actuator of the robotic arm to emit the laser to kill the weeds. At a driving speed of 0.2 m\u00b7s<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> on flat ground, the weed robot\u2019s average detection rate for corn seedlings and weeds was 92.45% and 88.94%, respectively. The average weed dry weight prevention efficacy was 85%, and the average seedling injury rate was 4.68%. The results show that the robot can accurately detect weeds in corn fields, and the robotic arm can precisely align the weed position and the blue light laser is effective in removing weeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1017803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T17:35:27Z","timestamp":1667583327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["YOLOX-based blue laser weeding robot in corn field"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Huibin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danlei","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhen","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2017.11.012","article-title":"Emerging microbial biocontrol strategies for plant pathogens","volume":"267","author":"Ab Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2019.107648","article-title":"Increased seeding rate and multiple methods of mechanical weed control reduce weed biomass in a poorly competitive organic crop","volume":"245","author":"Alba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-017-9831-y","article-title":"The status of biological control and recommendations for improving uptake for the future","volume":"63","author":"Barratt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biocontrol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"91","article-title":"Development of weeding robot based on direct herbicide application method","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans. 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