{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:17:35Z","timestamp":1753892255572,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aphids form a stable and mutually beneficial relationship with their primary symbiont <jats:italic>Buchnera aphidicola<\/jats:italic>, which play an important role in providing the missing nutrients to the host aphid. Based on the genome sequence of wheat aphid <jats:italic>Siotobion miscanthi<\/jats:italic> and its primary symbiont <jats:italic>Buchnera<\/jats:italic> that we obtained in our previously study, we identified a metabolic relay gene, <jats:italic>ilvA<\/jats:italic>, involved in the isoleucine synthesis pathway between aphids and <jats:italic>Buchnera<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we identified the location and sequence structure of <jats:italic>ilvA<\/jats:italic> gene in aphid genome, the expression level in different instars and tissues of aphids, and the effect of reducing <jats:italic>ilvA<\/jats:italic> expression on the growth and development of aphids by bioinformatics analysis, quantitative PCR, RNAi and bioassay experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that <jats:italic>ilvA<\/jats:italic> was expressed at the highest level in the 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> instar of the aphid, while the expression of this gene was significantly higher in the aphid bacteriocytes than in other tissues. Notably, this gene is localized on the aphid sex chromosome and remains highly conserved and collinearity across different aphid genomes. Knocking down the expression of <jats:italic>ilvA<\/jats:italic> reduced the aphid body weight and production. However, the indices of mortality decreased slightly, but were not significantly different, compared to the control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show that the relay genes between aphids and their symbionts in the metabolism of essential nutrients have potential roles in the growth and development of aphids, meanwhile, providing target loci and new ideas for RNAi-based aphid green control strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1092638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T07:19:31Z","timestamp":1674026371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Metabolic relay gene of aphid and primary symbiont as RNAi target loci for aphid control"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.59.030804.121041","article-title":"Biology bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects","volume":"59","author":"Baumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2008.09.005","article-title":"RNA Interference-mediated knockdown of a cytochrome P450, CYP6BG1, from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, reduces larval resistance to permethrin","volume":"39","author":"Bautista","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408","article-title":"Beyond drosophila: RNAi in vivo and functional genomics in insects","volume":"55","author":"Belles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2020.06.009","article-title":"Tbtools: an integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz033","article-title":"Genome sequence of the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gigascience."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00054.x","article-title":"Cospeciation between bacterial endosymbionts (Buchnera) and a recent radiation of aphids (Uroleucon) and pitfalls of testing for phylogenetic congruence","volume":"54","author":"Clark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0130-5","article-title":"A metagenomic approach from aphid\u2019s hemolymph sheds light on the potential roles of co-existing endosymbionts","volume":"3","author":"De Clerck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.19.6626-6633.2004","article-title":"Coexistence of wolbachia with Buchnera aphidicola and a secondary symbiont in the aphid Cinara cedri","volume":"186","author":"G\u00f3mez-Valero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-020-01248-0","article-title":"Increased density of endosymbiotic Buchnera related to pesticide resistance in yellow morph of melon aphid","volume":"93","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy015","article-title":"Disentangling the causes for faster-X evolution in aphids","volume":"10","author":"Jaquiery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz101","article-title":"A chromosome-level draft genome of the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"GigaScience."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2017.04.002","article-title":"Wolbachia-induced loss of male fertility is likely related to branch chain amino acid biosynthesis and ilvE in Laodelphax striatellus","volume":"85","author":"Ju","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2022\/1528","article-title":"ilvE as a potential RNAi target to inhibit amino acid synthesis to control the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Entomol. Gen"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00582","article-title":"Effect of the secondary symbiont Hamiltonella defensa on fitness and relative abundance of Buchnera aphidicola of wheat aphid, Sitobion miscanthi","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6221","article-title":"Reduced insecticide sensitivity of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi after infection by the secondary bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa095","article-title":"The aphid X chromosome is a dangerous place for functionally important genes: diverse evolution of hemipteran genomes based on chromosome-level assemblies","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.107463","article-title":"RNA-Based technologies for insect control in plant production","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evw085","article-title":"Reinventing the wheel and making it round again: evolutionary convergence in Buchnera-Serratia symbiotic consortia between the distantly related lachninae aphids Tuberolachnus salignus and Cinara cedri","volume":"8","author":"Manzano-Mar\u00edn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"research0054.1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2001-2-12-research0054","article-title":"The process of genome shrinkage in the obligate symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola","volume":"2","author":"Moran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome. Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss238","article-title":"High levels of gene expression explain the strong evolutionary constraint of mitochondrial protein-coding genes","volume":"30","author":"Nabholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102467118","article-title":"Strong within-host selection in a maternally inherited obligate symbiont: Buchnera and aphids","volume":"118","author":"Perreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13258","article-title":"A chromosome-level genome assembly of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum hausmann (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","volume":"21","author":"Roberto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","article-title":"HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/35024074","article-title":"Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp aps","volume":"407","author":"Shigenobu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1293","article-title":"MCScanX: a toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2009.00942.x","article-title":"Genomic insight into the amino acid relations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, with its symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027736","article-title":"Oral delivery of double-stranded RNAs and siRNAs induces RNAi effects in the potato\/tomato psyllid, Bactericerca cockerelli","volume":"6","author":"Wuriyanghan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01313-3","article-title":"Genome of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia chilonis sheds light on amino acid resource exploitation","volume":"20","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Biology."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13521","article-title":"Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii biotypes unveil mechanisms of host adaption","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24712","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915307116","article-title":"Obligate bacterial endosymbionts limit thermal tolerance of insect host species","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.732578","article-title":"Novel temporal expression patterns of EBF-binding proteins in wing morphs of the grain aphid sitobion miscanthi","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1092638\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T07:19:33Z","timestamp":1674026373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1092638\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2022.1092638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.1092638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-462X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"article-number":"1092638"}}