{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:38:51Z","timestamp":1789688331119,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>FK506-BINDING PROTEIN 42\/TWISTED DWARF 1 (FKBP42\/TWD1) directly regulates cellular trafficking and activation of multiple ATP-BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) transporters from the ABCB and ABCC subfamilies. <jats:italic>abcb1 abcb19<\/jats:italic> double mutants exhibit remarkable phenotypic overlap with <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> including severe dwarfism, stamen elongation defects, and compact circinate leaves; however, <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> mutants exhibit greater loss of polar auxin transport and additional helical twisting of roots, inflorescences, and siliques. As <jats:italic>abcc1 abcc2<\/jats:italic> mutants do not exhibit any visible phenotypes and TWD1 does not interact with PIN or AUX1\/LAX auxin transporters, loss of function of other ABCB auxin transporters is hypothesized to underly the remaining morphological phenotypes. Here, gene expression, mutant analyses, pharmacological inhibitor studies, auxin transport assays, and direct auxin quantitations were used to determine the relative contributions of loss of other reported ABCB auxin transporters (4, 6, 11, 14, 20, and 21) to <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> phenotypes. From these analyses, the additional reduction in plant height and the twisted inflorescence, root, and silique phenotypes observed in <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> compared to <jats:italic>abcb1 abcb19<\/jats:italic> result from loss of <jats:italic>ABCB6<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ABCB20<\/jats:italic> function. Additionally, <jats:italic>abcb6 abcb20<\/jats:italic> root twisting exhibited the same sensitivity to the auxin transport inhibitor 1-napthalthalamic acid as <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> suggesting they are the primary contributors to these auxin-dependent organ twisting phenotypes. The lack of obvious phenotypes in higher order <jats:italic>abcb4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>abcb21<\/jats:italic> mutants suggests that the functional loss of these transporters does not contribute to <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> root or shoot twisting. Analyses of ABCB11 and ABCB14 function revealed capacity for auxin transport; however, their activities are readily outcompeted by other substrates, suggesting alternate functions <jats:italic>in planta<\/jats:italic>, consistent with a spectrum of relative substrate affinities among ABCB transporters. Overall, the results presented here suggest that the ABCB1\/19 and ABCB6\/20 pairs represent the primary long-distance ABCB auxin transporters in Arabidopsis and account for all reported <jats:italic>twd1<\/jats:italic> morphological phenotypes. Other ABCB transporters appear to participate in highly localized auxin streams or mobilize alternate transport substrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.840260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T07:16:36Z","timestamp":1650525396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Loss of Multiple ABCB Auxin Transporters Recapitulates the Major twisted dwarf 1 Phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mark K.","family":"Jenness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Tayengwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle A.","family":"Bate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Tapken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus S.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pch209","article-title":"Arabidopsis plasma membrane proteomics identifies components of transport, signal transduction and membrane trafficking","volume":"45","author":"Alexandersson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W344","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw408","article-title":"ConSurf 2016: an improved methodology to estimate and visualize evolutionary conservation in macromolecules","volume":"44","author":"Ashkenazy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21817","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709655200","article-title":"Modulation of P-glycoproteins by auxin transport inhibitors is mediated by interaction with immunophilins","volume":"283","author":"Bailly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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