{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:49:24Z","timestamp":1790012964764,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing evidence shows that plant Endophytes play a crucial role in the fitness and productivity of hosts. Surface sterilization is an indispensable process before high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and tissue separation of plant endophytes, but its potential impact on the composition and diversity of endophytes has rarely been investigated. In the present work, the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on the diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi in leaves and stems of tea plants was investigated. We found that the diversity of bacterial endophytes was significantly affected by the concentration of NaClO as well as the pretreatment time. Pretreatment with 0.5% NaClO for 8 min and 2.0% NaClO for 3 min were suitable for the tea plant leaves and stems, respectively, but the effects of NaClO on the diversity of fungal endophytes were limited according to the results from HTS. Regardless of NaClO sterilization, most of the endophytes in tissues, such as the dominant taxa, could not be Isolated by using the regular culture-dependent approaches. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the pretreatment with NaClO should be modified to precisely understand the diversity of endophytes from different tissues of tea plants and also indicate that more attention should be paid to establish specific culture-dependent protocols for the isolation of plant endophytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.849658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T04:14:24Z","timestamp":1651551264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Overhauling the Effect of Surface Sterilization on Analysis of Endophytes in Tea Plants"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yueer","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengtong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.53.1565","article-title":"Stereoselective oxidation at C-4 of flavans by the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. isolated from a tea plant.","volume":"53","author":"Agusta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2013.12.009","article-title":"Exploring the potential of endophytes from medicinal plants as sources of antimycobacterial compounds.","volume":"169","author":"Alvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2533483100","article-title":"Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree.","volume":"100","author":"Arnold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2017.04.023","article-title":"Adaptation, specialization, and coevolution within phytobiomes.","volume":"38","author":"Baltrus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06938","article-title":"Nitrogen acquisition in Agave tequilana from degradation of endophytic bacteria.","volume":"4","author":"Beltran-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14356","article-title":"Culturable endophytic bacteria of Camellia species endowed with plant growth promoting characteristics.","volume":"127","author":"Borah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-015-0412-0","article-title":"Fungal endophytes: modifiers of plant disease.","volume":"90","author":"Busby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.200510050","article-title":"Plant growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium.","volume":"46","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2604","article-title":"UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial amplicon reads.","volume":"10","author":"Edgar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01887","article-title":"Endophytic bacteria improve plant growth, symbiotic performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and induce suppression of root rot caused by Fusarium solani under salt stress.","volume":"8","author":"Egamberdieva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402002000200007","article-title":"Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite.","volume":"13","author":"Estrela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.11.147","article-title":"Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes.","volume":"11","author":"Fukuzaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2014.11.004","article-title":"Endophytic Bacillus spp. produce antifungal lipopeptides and induce host defence gene expression in maize.","volume":"172","author":"Gond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12696","article-title":"Endophytic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum are abundant in the Phaseolus vulgaris and have high genetic diversity.","volume":"118","author":"Gonzaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.896","article-title":"Comparison of specific endophytic bacterial communities in different developmental stages of Passiflora incarnata using culture-dependent and culture-independent analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Goulart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-33526-9_17","article-title":"Isolation procedures for endophytic microorganisms","author":"Hallmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbial Root Endophytes"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090614","article-title":"Impacts of plant symbiotic fungi on insect herbivores: mutualism in a multitrophic context.","volume":"54","author":"Hartley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13744","article-title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alters gene expression, ROS production and lignin synthesis in cotton seedling roots.","volume":"124","author":"Irizarry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90484-9_14","article-title":"Endophytes as a source of high-value phytochemicals: present scenario and future outlook","author":"Jamwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites Reference Series in Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-021-00779-5","article-title":"Endophytic bacteria from the leaves of two types of albino tea plants, indicating the plant growth promoting properties.","volume":"96","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-017-0913-1","article-title":"Naphthoquinone metabolites produced by Monacrosporium ambrosium, the ectosymbiotic fungus of tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus, in stems of tea, Camellia sinensis.","volume":"44","author":"Kehelpannala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-009-9511-6","article-title":"Flavonoid biosynthesis and degradation play a role in early defence responses of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) against biotic stress.","volume":"125","author":"Koskim\u00e4ki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.07.015","article-title":"Novel natural compounds from endophytic fungi with anticancer activity.","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3767\/003158515X687597","article-title":"Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex.","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0403-x","article-title":"Apple endophytic microbiota of different rootstock\/scion combinations suggests a genotype-specific influence.","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2634","article-title":"Practical innovations for high-throughput amplicon sequencing.","volume":"10","author":"Lundberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11237","article-title":"Defining the core Arabidopsis thaliana root microbiome.","volume":"488","author":"Lundberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-020-00826-5","article-title":"Bacterial seed endophyte shapes disease resistance in rice.","volume":"7","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7471.1000129","article-title":"Growth promotion and bi-control approaches of brown root rot disease of tea by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PM 105).","volume":"3","author":"Morang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Plant. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1303_877891","article-title":"Plant growth promoting endophytic fungi isolated from tea (Camellia sinensis) shrubs of Assam, India.","volume":"13","author":"Nath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0116-y","article-title":"Mycobiome diversity: high-throughput sequencing and identification of fungi.","volume":"17","author":"Nilsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13023","article-title":"Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples.","volume":"18","author":"Parada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-080508-081831","article-title":"Hidden fungi, emergent properties: endophytes and microbiomes.","volume":"49","author":"Porras-Alfaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780310001600435","article-title":"Rapid identification of fungi by sequencing the ITS1 and ITS2 regions using an automated capillary electrophoresis system.","volume":"41","author":"Pryce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-014-0458-8","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of antagonism of endophytic Colletotrichum gloeosporioides against potent fungal pathogens of Camellia sinensis.","volume":"54","author":"Rabha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072191","article-title":"Thermotolerance generated by plant\/fungal symbiosis.","volume":"298","author":"Redman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1139\/w11-122","article-title":"Bacterial endophyte communities of two wheatgrass varieties following propagation in different growing media.","volume":"58","author":"Ringelberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100462","article-title":"Surface sterilization for isolation of endophytes: ensuring what (not) to grow.","author":"Sahu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2004.04.005","article-title":"Evolution of endophyte\u2013plant symbioses.","volume":"9","author":"Saikkonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9258-6","article-title":"Ecological occurrence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and nitrogen-fixing Acetobacteraceae members: their possible role in plant growth promotion.","volume":"55","author":"Saravanan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2019.1682108","article-title":"Bioengineering tools for the production of pharmaceuticals: current perspective and future outlook.","volume":"10","author":"Sarsaiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1470305","article-title":"Endophytic Actinomycetes from tea plants (Camellia sinensis): isolation, abundance, antimicrobial, and plant-growth-promoting activities.","volume":"2018","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-010-9547-7","article-title":"Growth and photosynthetic efficiency promotion of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by endophytic bacteria.","volume":"105","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10685","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b03946","article-title":"Endophytic bacteria as contributors to theanine production in Camellia sinensis.","volume":"67","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6125-2_1","article-title":"Bacterial endophytes: diversity, functional importance, and potential for manipulation","author":"Tosi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhizosphere biology: interactions between microbes and plants"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2010.00942.x","article-title":"Monitoring the plant epiphyte Methylobacterium extorquens DSM 21961 by real-time PCR and its influence on the strawberry flavor.","volume":"74","author":"Verginer","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13463","article-title":"Seed-vectored endophytic bacteria modulate development of rice seedlings.","volume":"122","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-011-0121-6","article-title":"Endophytic fungal flora from roots and fruits of an Indian neem plant Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and impact of culture media on their isolation.","volume":"51","author":"Verma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2018.05.001","article-title":"Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation.","volume":"92","author":"Vu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46863-9","article-title":"Diversity of culture-independent bacteria and antimicrobial activity of culturable endophytic bacteria isolated from different Dendrobium stems.","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-010-0120-6","article-title":"Endophytes: a potential resource for biosynthesis, biotransformation, and biodegradation.","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2014.09.015","article-title":"Bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata.","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-6487-3","article-title":"Plant-endophyte symbiosis, an ecological perspective.","volume":"99","author":"Wani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01304","article-title":"Isolation, diversity, and antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of endophytic actinobacteria from tea cultivars Zijuan and Yunkang-10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica).","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5527","article-title":"Review: endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management.","volume":"75","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1601_677695","article-title":"Diversity of tea endophytic fungi: cultivar- and tissue preferences.","volume":"16","author":"Win","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2020.1816788","article-title":"Implications of endophytic microbiota in Camellia sinensis: a review on current understanding and future insights.","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01848","article-title":"Isolation, diversity, and growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tea cultivars of Zijuan and Yunkang-10.","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12374-018-0274-5","article-title":"Interactions between endophytes and plants: beneficial effect of endophytes to ameliorate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"407","article-title":"Isolation and identification of a growth-promoting and aluminum-resistant endophytic bacterium from tea tree.","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Univ. Jiangxiensis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.849658\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T04:14:27Z","timestamp":1651551267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.849658\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2022.849658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.849658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"article-number":"849658"}}