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Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosomiasis is caused by the intestinal parasite <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>. Individuals are affected by schistosomiasis when they are exposed to aquatic environments contaminated with <jats:italic>Schistosoma cercariae<\/jats:italic> that emerged from the infected intermediate host mollusk of the genus <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>. The WHO recommends using molluscicidal products to reduce the snail population and disease transmission. The WHO encourages the search for alternative substances in schistosomiasis control. Natural products are seen as a promising alternative because they are abundant in countries where schistosomiasis is endemic and have many different substances in their extracts, impairing cases of resistance. Therefore, the nanoemulsion effect of a butanol-soluble fraction of <jats:italic>Sideroxylon obtusifolium<\/jats:italic> leaves was evaluated against three study points in the biological cycle of the disease, that is, adults and young <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic>, spawning by the host mollusk, and infectious larvae of the parasite. Extract-SOB (butanol fraction) and nano-SOB (nanoemulsion) demonstrated promising activity in adult <jats:italic>B. glabrata<\/jats:italic> population control with an LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 125.4 mg\/L, an LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> of 178.1 mg\/L, an LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 75.2 mg\/L, and an LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> of 97 mg\/L. Nano-SOB presented greater potency against young <jats:italic>B. glabrata<\/jats:italic>, with an LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> of 72.1 mg\/L and an LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 58.3 mg\/L. Still, relevant activity against <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> cercariae was eliminated in 4 h (LC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>: 34.6 mg\/L). Nano-SOB reduced viable spawning by approximately 30% at 178.1 and 97 mg\/L. Referring to most substances in this extract, quercetin-3-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-galactoside and hyperoside may cause low environmental toxicity and human toxicity according to <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> analysis. Thus, nano-SOB is a promising agent to combat <jats:italic>B. glabrata<\/jats:italic> population growth and schistosomiasis transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.853002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T09:07:33Z","timestamp":1653556053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nanoemulsion of Sideroxylon obtusifolium as an Alternative to Combat Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leonardo da Silva","family":"Rangel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Passos de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah Quintanilha","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Guerra","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia Lindimar","family":"Von Ranke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Rangel","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Augusto Albuquerque dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robson Xavier","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.05.025","article-title":"Is the use-impact on native caatinga species in Brazil reduced by the high species richness of medicinal plants?","volume":"113","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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