{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:21:26Z","timestamp":1758273686048,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Geitonogamy is inevitable in hermaphrodite and monecious. Even for self-incompatible species, the negative effects of self-pollen are unavoidable when geitonogamous or self-mating occurs. However, the influence of self-pollen on consecutive development of flowers (e.g., fruiting and seeding) was seldom evaluated. Here, the self-incompatible monecious species, <jats:italic>Akebia quinata<\/jats:italic>, was used to estimate the influence of self-pollen deposition. We evaluated the extent of pollen limitation and geitonogamous mating under natural conditions by count of stigmatic pollen load and pollen tracking experiment. Hand pollination with different amount and combinations of self vs. cross pollen grains was applied to detect the response of fruit and seed set. The results showed that geitonogamy and pollen limitation occurred under natural conditions in <jats:italic>A. quinata<\/jats:italic>. Carpel numbers, ratio of self- and cross-pollen, and the interactive effect of ratio of self- and cross-pollen and total mixed pollen numbers, and not total pollen grain number, determined the effect of self-pollen on female reproductive success. The effect of self-pollen depended on its intensity. In general, the transfer of self-pollen significantly affected young fruit set. However, a little self-pollen together with cross-pollen did not reduce young fruit production. Although self-incompatible plants have evolved physiological mechanisms that reduce self-fertilization, our results provide new insights into the effects of self-pollen and the adaptive significance of self-incompatible monecious species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.935217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:13:59Z","timestamp":1660115639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The influence of self-pollen deposition on female reproductive success in a self-incompatible plant, Akebia quinata"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chun-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1890\/03-8024","article-title":"Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences.","volume":"85","author":"Ashman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13424","article-title":"The origins of reproductive isolation in plants.","volume":"207","author":"Baack","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2307\/2405656","article-title":"Self-compatibility and establishment after \u2018long distance\u2019 dispersal.","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"1955","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(98)01299-0","article-title":"The evolution of mating strategies in flowering plants.","volume":"3","author":"Barrett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/hdy\/6800020","article-title":"Sexual interference of the floral kind.","volume":"88","author":"Barrett","year":"","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg776","article-title":"The evolution of plant sexual diversity.","volume":"3","author":"Barrett","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.2307\/2444097","article-title":"Pollen interference and cryptic self-fertility in Campsis radicans.","volume":"75","author":"Bertin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02453.x","article-title":"A test of simultaneous resource and pollen limitation in Stylidium armeria.","volume":"179","author":"Brookes","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14130","article-title":"Mating system transitions in solanum habrochaites impact interactions between populations and species.","volume":"213","author":"Broz","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12345","article-title":"The contribution of mating system variation to reproductive isolation in two closely related Centaurium species (Gentianaceae) with a generalized flower morphology.","volume":"68","author":"Brys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12524","article-title":"The importance of autonomous selfing in preventing hybridization in three closely related plant species.","volume":"104","author":"Brys","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02856594","article-title":"Bateman\u2019s principle and plant reproduction: the role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set.","volume":"60","author":"Burd","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bot. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01872-3","article-title":"Experimental tests of sex-allocation theory in plants.","volume":"15","author":"Campbell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcaa084","article-title":"The role of multiple reproductive barriers: strong post-pollination interactions govern cytotype isolation in a tetraploid\u2013octoploid contact zone.","volume":"126","author":"Castro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00254-9","article-title":"Breeding systems and genome evolution.","volume":"11","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"year":"1982","author":"Charnov","journal-title":"The Theory of Sex Allocation.","key":"B16"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/263125a0","article-title":"Why be an hermaphrodite?","volume":"263","author":"Charnov","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.110800","author":"Darwin","year":"1876","journal-title":"The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2307\/2389301","article-title":"Size-dependency of sex-allocation in hermaphroditic, monocarpic plants.","volume":"3","author":"De Jong","year":"1989","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.2307\/2390059","article-title":"The consequences of pollination biology for selection of mass or extended blooming.","volume":"6","author":"De Jong","year":"1992","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(93)90239-L","article-title":"Geitonogamy: the neglected side of selfing.","volume":"8","author":"De Jong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2011.05.003","article-title":"Multiple developmental processes underlie sex differentiation in angiosperms.","volume":"27","author":"Diggle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.2307\/1940600","article-title":"Plant size effects on females and male function in hermaphroditic Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae).","volume":"72","author":"Dudash","year":"1991","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05285.x","article-title":"Inbreeding depression in partially self-fertilizing Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae): population genetic and experimental analyses.","volume":"48","author":"Eckert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1941.tb02272.x","article-title":"Average excess and average effect of a gene substitution.","volume":"11","author":"Fisher","year":"1914","journal-title":"Ann. Eugenics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plx050","article-title":"Pollen limitation in the alpine: a meta-analysis.","volume":"41","author":"Garcia-Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2307\/1940537","article-title":"The relationship of plant size to self-pollination in Mertensia ciliata.","volume":"66","author":"Geber","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12874","article-title":"Late-acting self-incompatibility\u2013the pariah breeding system in flowering plants.","volume":"203","author":"Gibbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mch141","article-title":"Effects of self-, chase and mixed self\/cross-pollinations on pistil longevity and fruit set in Ceiba species (Bombacaceae) with late-acting self-incompatibility.","volume":"94","author":"Gibbs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B30","article-title":"Selfing of self-incompatible cocoa.","volume":"193","author":"Glendinning","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1086\/342518","article-title":"High outbreeding as a consequence of selfed ovule mortality and single vector bat pollination in the Amazonian tree Pseudobombax munguba (Bombacaceae).","volume":"163","author":"Gribel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J Plant. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467499000796","article-title":"Flowering phenology and pollination biology of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae) in central Amazon.","volume":"15","author":"Gribel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Trop. Ecol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1086\/284817","article-title":"On limits to seed production.","volume":"131","author":"Haig","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/373512a0","article-title":"Mating cost of large floral displays in hermaphrodite plants.","volume":"373","author":"Harder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1086\/286199","article-title":"A clarification of pollen discounting and its joint effect with inbreeding depression on mating-system evolution.","volume":"152","author":"Harder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1988.tb14193.x","article-title":"Geitonogamous pollination and is consequences in Geranium caespitosum.","volume":"75","author":"Hessing","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-37981","article-title":"The diversity of self-incompatibility systems in ?owering plants.","volume":"5","author":"Hiscock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8339.2002.00080.x","article-title":"Variation of pollination and resource limitation in a low seed-set tree. Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae).","volume":"140","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506283103","article-title":"Ancient polymorphism reveals unidirectional breeding system shifts.","volume":"103","author":"Igic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1086\/523362","article-title":"Loss of self-incompatibility and its evolutionary consequences.","volume":"169","author":"Igic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J Plant. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.13025","article-title":"Breeding systems in Cyrtanthus (Amaryllidaceae): variation in self-sterility and potential for ovule discounting.","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1703.2002.00489.x","article-title":"Floral sexual dimorphism and flower choice by pollinators in a nectarless monoecious vine Akebia quinata (Lardizabalaceae).","volume":"17","author":"Kawagoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1086\/378659","article-title":"Flower-size dimorphism avoids geitonogamous pollination in a nectarless monoecious plant Akebia quinata.","volume":"164","author":"Kawagoe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-8463.2005.00950.x","article-title":"Self pollen on a stigma interferes with outcrossed seed production in a self-incompatible monoecious plant, Akebia quinata (Lardizabalaceae).","volume":"19","author":"Kawagoe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.36.102403.115320","article-title":"Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: pattern and process.","volume":"36","author":"Knight","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.94.5.896","article-title":"Self-pollen interference is absent in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, Brassicaceae), a species with sporophytic self-incompatibility.","volume":"94","author":"Koelling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-32331","article-title":"Selective embryo abortion hypothesis revisited\u2013a molecular approach.","volume":"4","author":"Korbecka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01221.x","article-title":"A comparative analysis of pollen limitation in flowering plants.","volume":"69","author":"Larson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bot. J Linn. Soc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12193","article-title":"The differential contributions of herkogamy and dichogamy as mechanisms of avoiding self-interference in four self-incompatible Epimedium species.","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1086\/283365","article-title":"Some reproductive factors affecting the selection of self-fertilization in plants.","volume":"113","author":"Lloyd","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024804","article-title":"Importance of pollinator-mediated interspecific pollen transfer for angiosperm evolution.","volume":"50","author":"Moreira-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1977.tb02172.x","article-title":"Self-pollen reduces the number of cross-pollen tubes in the styles of Brassica oleracea L.","volume":"78","author":"Ockendon","year":"1977","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2307\/2411261","article-title":"Baker\u2019s Law revisited: reproductive assurance in a metapopulation.","volume":"52","author":"Pannell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2009.01485.x","article-title":"Seed mass, abundance and breeding system among tropical forest species: do dioecious species exhibit compensatory reproduction or abundances?","volume":"97","author":"Queenborough","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.2307\/3558436","article-title":"Pollen load size, reproductive success, and progeny kinship of naturally pollinated ?owers of the tropical dry forest tree Pachira quinata (Bombacaceae).","volume":"88","author":"Quesada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.2307\/2445418","article-title":"Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants.","volume":"82","author":"Renner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.12.110181.001345","article-title":"Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate functions.","volume":"12","author":"Stephenson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"233","article-title":"Consequences in variation in pollen load size","author":"Stephenson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Experimental and Molecular Approaches to Plant Biosystematics"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.14192","article-title":"Inbreeding depression contributes to the maintenance of habitat segregation between closely related monkeyflower species.","volume":"75","author":"Toll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12424","article-title":"Restoring pistil-side self-incompatibility factors recapitulates an interspecific reproductive barrier between tomato species.","volume":"77","author":"Tovar-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcq149","article-title":"Pollination and late-acting self-incompatibility in Cyrtanthus breviflorus (Amaryllidaceae): implications for seed production.","volume":"106","author":"Vaughton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.01997.x","article-title":"Pollen limitation meets resource allocation: towards a comprehensive methodology.","volume":"174","author":"Wesselingh","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2307\/1220077","article-title":"Distribution of gametophytic self-incompatibility and infrageneric classification in Solanum.","volume":"30","author":"Whalen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198063","article-title":"The long-term benefits of self-rejection.","volume":"330","author":"Wright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.2005.00363.x","article-title":"Resource limitation and pollen source (self and outcross) affecting seed production in two louseworts, Pedicularis siphonantha and P. longiflora (Orobanchaceae).","volume":"147","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.935217\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:14:12Z","timestamp":1660115652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.935217\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2022.935217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.935217","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-462X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"article-number":"935217"}}