{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:38:22Z","timestamp":1770284302786,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work explored the nutritional and antioxidant properties of the leaves of the halophytic species <jats:italic>Limonium spathulatum<\/jats:italic> (Desf.) Kuntze from Tunisian sea cliffs. Furthermore, the analysis of the total phenolics and flavonoids contents and their individual compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS\/MS) were also studied. <jats:italic>L. spathulatum<\/jats:italic> leaves had high levels of moisture, ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, but low concentrations of crude protein, crude fat and acid detergent lignin. It contained low carbohydrates levels, and low energetic values. The most abundant macroelements were Cl, Na and Ca while the microelements detected in the highest levels were Fe and Zn. No relevant \u03b1-amylase inhibition was observed, and no toxic metals (Pb and Cd) and phytic acid were detected. The ethanol and the hydroethanolic extracts had the highest capacity to scavenge free radicals, to chelate iron and copper and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The same samples were also the most active towards oxidative haemolysis. These extracts contained high total phenolic and flavonoid contents. HPLC analysis, performed on ethanolic extracts identified 58 individual compounds known for their high antioxidant actvitiy including hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic, syringic acids), hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, coumaric, ferulic acids) and flavonoids (catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and naringin).In conclusion, the leaves of Tunisian accession of <jats:italic>L. spathulatum<\/jats:italic> were good source of minerals and fibers useful in the human diet for attaining nutritional sufficiency. The high <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ex vitro<\/jats:italic> antioxidant activities associated with high favonoids contents and compounds suggest the possibility to use the extracts of <jats:italic>L. spathulatum<\/jats:italic> in herbal products with the aim of improving general health and well-being, and\/or as food additives for preventing lipid oxidation of lipid-rich foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.979343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T07:53:38Z","timestamp":1668498818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nutritional anti-nutritional chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the leaves of the sea cliff dwelling species Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) Kuntze"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Seria","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cust\u00f3dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina G.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo C.","family":"Calhelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pinela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Jek\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Czi\u00e1ky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Ben Hamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.11.003","article-title":"Antioxidant and antitumor activities of artemisia campestris and thymelaea hirsuta from southern Tunisia","volume":"49","author":"Akrout","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3906\/bot-1911-15","article-title":"Plant response to salinity: an analysis of ROS formation, signaling, and antioxidant defense","volume":"44","author":"Akyol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk J. Bot."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02324H","article-title":"Phenolic compounds: Current industrial applications, limitations and future challenges","volume":"12","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"99","article-title":"Constituents of plants growing in qatar xxxlll proximate composition of thirty four food and feed plants growing in Qatar","volume":"2","author":"Al-Easa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.6000\/1927-5129.2013.09.18","article-title":"Isolation of a new sterol from limonium stocksii and antimicrobial activities of crude extract","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Basic App. Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21712","article-title":"Mitochondria and lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of neurodegeneration: Finding ways for prevention","volume":"41","author":"Angelova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00112","article-title":"Free radical scavenging action of the medicinal herb limonium wrightii from the Okinawa islands","volume":"9","author":"Aniya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2018.00032","article-title":"Metabolic engineering of the shikimate pathway for production of aromatics and derived compounds- present and future strain construction strategies","volume":"6","author":"Averesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(94)P4184-H","article-title":"A microassay for the analysis of trypsin inhibitor activity in peas","author":"Bacon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112441","article-title":"Comparative study on antibacterial mechanism of shikimic acid and quinic acid against staphylococcus aureus through transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches","volume":"153","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.01.030","article-title":"Phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory effects of leaves and roots extracts of the halophyte limonium delicatulum","volume":"139","author":"Bakhouche","year":"2021","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3462","article-title":"Evolution of plant water status indices during butterhead lettuce growth and its impact on post-storage quality","volume":"89","author":"Barg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2017.02.003","article-title":"Halophytes: Gourmet food with nutritional health benefits","volume":"59","author":"Barreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26134040","article-title":"Identification of phenolic compounds by LC-MS\/MS and evaluation of bioactive properties of two edible halophytes: Limonium effusum and l. sinuatum","volume":"26","author":"Baysal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.11.036","article-title":"Nutrient composition and, identification\/quantification of major phenolic compounds in sarcocornia ambigua (Amaranthaceae) using HPLC\u2013ESI-MS\/MS","volume":"55","author":"Bertin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-2107-24","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Croatian carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua l.) germplasm","volume":"45","author":"Bolaric","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J. Agric."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-008-9062-z","article-title":"Determination of mineral content in commonly consumed leafy vegetables","volume":"2","author":"Borah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1264664","article-title":"Radical scavenging activity of phenolic constituents from limonium latifolium","volume":"76","author":"Breant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/00837792.1978.10670114","article-title":"Il genere Limonium Miller in Cirenaica, Webbia","volume":"33","author":"Brullo","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Plant Taxon Geogr."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"281","article-title":"Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genus limonium in Sicily","volume":"133","author":"Brullo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bot. Not."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"419","article-title":"The genus limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Tunisia","author":"Brullo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mitt Bot.  Staatssamml. Munchen."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.240.1.1","article-title":"The genus limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Greece","volume":"240","author":"Brullo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1480018","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of endemic plant marrubium astracanicum subsp. macrodon: Identification of its phenolic contents by using HPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"33","author":"Bursal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.10.015","article-title":"Evidence for preferential depths of metal retention in roots of salt marsh plants","volume":"390","author":"Caetano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666161227153906","article-title":"Phenolic compounds as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients","volume":"23","author":"Caleja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3998\/ark.5550190.0008.708","article-title":"Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-algal constituents from inula helenium and limonium myrianthum","volume":"7","author":"Cantrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"ARKIVOC"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127536","article-title":"Wild vs cultivated halophytes: Nutritional and functional differences","volume":"333","author":"Casta\u00f1eda-Loaiza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.112005","article-title":"If you cannot beat them, join them: Exploring the fruits of the invasive species carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. br as a source of bioactive products","volume":"144","author":"Casta\u00f1eda-Loaiza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118299753","article-title":"Recent advances in polyphenol research","volume":"3","author":"Cheynier","year":"2012","journal-title":"John Wiley. Sons."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.08.008","article-title":"Optimization of polyphenols extraction from dried chokeberry using maceration as traditional technique","volume":"194","author":"Cujic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8040324","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical adaptive traits in leaves of four citrus species grown in an Italian charterhouse","volume":"8","author":"Curadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hortic"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112778","article-title":"A review on sarcocornia species: Ethnopharmacology, nutritional properties, phytochemistry, biological activities and propagation","volume":"10","author":"Cust\u00f3dio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2020.1869775","article-title":"Synthetic and natural antioxidants used in the oxidative stability of edible oils: An overview","author":"Da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0365-5","article-title":"Dietary fibre in foods: A review","volume":"49","author":"Dhingra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1754162","article-title":"Recent advances in extracting phenolic compounds from food and their use in disease prevention and as cosmetics","volume":"61","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2012.11.017","article-title":"Field performance of halophytic species under irrigation with saline drainage water in the San Joaquin valley of California","volume":"118","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.11.001","article-title":"Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of limnophila aromatic","volume":"22","author":"Do","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Index synonymique et bibliographique de la flore d\u2019Afrique du Nord. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique","author":"Dobignard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen\u00e8ve"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6419","article-title":"Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health","author":"Durazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PTR"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.54319\/jjbs\/140405","article-title":"Metabolites profiling of limonium tubiflorum (Delile) kuntze var tubiflorum via UPLC-qTOF-MS technique in relation to its cytotoxic activity","author":"El-Kousy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. J. B. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6089","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-012-3009-y","article-title":"Chemical composition of some seaweed from Mediterranean Sea coast, Egypt","volume":"185","author":"El-Said","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Food energy - methods of analysis and conversion factors","volume-title":"Report of a Technical Workshop","year":"2003"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1400900212","article-title":"In vitro inhibitory effects of limonium contortirameum and l. virgatum extracts from Sardinia on alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase","volume":"9","author":"Foddai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2015.05.017","article-title":"Sulfated phenolic compounds from limonium caspium: isolation, structural elucidation, and biological evaluation","author":"Gadetskaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcy071","article-title":"Chloride: from nutrient to toxicant","volume":"59","author":"Geilfus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.01.063","article-title":"Antioxidants screening in limonium aureum by optimized on-line HPLC\u2013 DPPH assay","volume":"67","author":"Geng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crop Prod."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.02.017","article-title":"The importance of minerals in human nutrition: Bioavailability, food fortification, processing effects and nanoencapsulation","volume":"62","author":"Gharibzahedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7955","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases","author":"Gianazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11030413","article-title":"Constitutive and induced salt tolerance mechanisms and potential uses of limonium mill","volume":"11","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Orenga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Species. Agron."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.04.012","article-title":"Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids contents: Should we ban in vitro screening methods","volume":"264","author":"Granato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-2103-82","article-title":"Genetic characterization of almond (Prunus amygdalus l) using microsatellite markers in the area of Adriatic Sea","volume":"45","author":"Hasanbegovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk. J. Agric. For."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4184(20008)333:8<275::AID-ARDP275>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"A new flavonoid from limonium axillare","author":"Kandil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmazie: Int. J. Pharm. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.947497","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant activities of the edible and medicinal acacia albida organs related to phenolic compounds","volume":"29","author":"Karoune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2016.03.004","article-title":"Nutritional value, bioactive compounds and health benefits of lettuce (Lactuca sativa l.)","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2008.07.024","article-title":"Influence of biological, environmental and technical factors on phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Tunisian halophytes","volume":"331","author":"Ksouri","year":"2008","journal-title":"C. R. Biol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2854-2864.2002","article-title":"Samarangenin b from limonium sinense suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in vero cells by regulation of viral macromolecular synthesis","volume":"46","author":"Kuo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.109114","article-title":"Biofilm formation of listeria monocytogenes in hydroponic and soil grown lettuce leaf extracts on stainless steel coupons","volume":"126","author":"Kyere","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"248","article-title":"Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of rhododendron yedoensevar","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poukhanense Bark. J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111931","article-title":"Comparison of growth characteristics, functional qualities, and texture of hydroponically grown and soil- grown lettuce","volume":"150","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-8547","article-title":"Flavonoids and phenolics from limonium sinense","volume":"66","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-010-0102-2","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant properties of indigenous underutilized fruits","volume":"19","author":"Loganayaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2006.03.0177","article-title":"Quantitative determination of phytate and inorganic phosphorus for maize breeding","volume":"47","author":"Lorenz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00481-8","article-title":"Quinic acid: a potential antibiofilm agent against clinical resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1037","article-title":"Screening of some indigenous Qatari medicinal plants forantimicrobial activity","volume":"16","author":"Mahasneh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B66","volume-title":"Marschner\u2019s mineral nutrition of higher plants. Ed. Marschner P., [3rd edition]","author":"Marschner","year":"2011"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2020.08.021","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the endemic halophyte limonium spathulatum (Desf.) kuntze on LPS-stimulated RAW264 macrophages","volume":"135","author":"Mazouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.11.093","article-title":"Berry polyphenols inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro","volume":"115","author":"McDougall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B69","volume-title":"Metals and butyltins in sediments of ria Formosa \u2013 the role of spartina maritima and sarcocornia fruticosa. [PhD thesis]","author":"Moreira da Silva","year":"2008"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90698-0_21","article-title":"Limonium","volume-title":"Ornamental Crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding, 11","author":"Morgan","year":"2018"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-005-0147-2","article-title":"Flavonoids from limonium meyeri","volume":"41","author":"Movsumov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2004-7-804","article-title":"Antioxidant metabolites from limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) kuntze","volume":"59","author":"Murray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung C. J. Biosci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2011.628669","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and phenolic content of natural site and micropropagated limonium avei (De not.) brullo & erben plant extracts","volume":"26","author":"Nostro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081312","article-title":"Impact of drying processes on the nutritional composition, volatile profile, phytochemical content and bioactivity of salicornia ramosissima j","volume":"10","author":"Oliveira-Alves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Woods Antioxid."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.41","article-title":"Flavonoids: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Panche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.02.006","article-title":"Edible halophytes of the Mediterranean basin: Potential candidates for novel food products","volume":"74","author":"Petropoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2147\/RRMC.S46560","article-title":"Current perspectives on applications of shikimic and aminoshikimic acids in pharmaceutical chemistry","volume":"4","author":"Quiroz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erw421","article-title":"Chloride: essential micronutrient and multifunctional beneficial ion","volume":"3","author":"Raven","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.08.036","article-title":"Accumulation and tolerance characteristics of cadmium in a halophytic cd-hyperaccumulator, arthrocnemum macrostachyum","volume":"184","author":"Redondo-G\u00f3mez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"B80","first-page":"283","article-title":"Nutritional and functional characterization of wild and cultivated sarcocornia neei grown in Chile","volume":"43","author":"Riquelme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cienc. Investig. Agrar. Rev. Latinoam. Cienc. La Agric."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10123104","article-title":"Metabolomic profile and biological properties of Sea lavender (Limonium algarvense erben) plants cultivated with aquaculture wastewaters: Implications for its use in herbal formulations and food additives","volume":"10","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.11.038","article-title":"Sea Knotgrass (Polygonum maritimum l.) as a potential source of innovative industrial products for skincare applications","volume":"128","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indus Crop Prod."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.111930","article-title":"Growth performance, in vitro antioxidant properties and chemical composition of the halophyte limonium algarvense erben are strongly influenced by the salinity irrigation","volume":"143","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crop Prod."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.08.061","article-title":"Unraveling the antioxidant potential and the phenolic composition of different anatomical organs of the marine halophyte limonium algarvense","volume":"77","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00442","article-title":"Chloride improves nitrate utilization and nue in plants","volume":"442","author":"Rosales Miguel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/OROAJ.2019.15.555903","article-title":"Ensuring adequate calcium intake on a plant-based diet","volume":"15","author":"Rose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ortho Rheum"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1021\/np50035a019","article-title":"Myricetin-3\u2019methyl ether-7-glucoside from limonium sinuatum","volume":"47","author":"Ross","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4549.2012.00673.x","article-title":"The in-vitro free radical\u2013scavenging and antifungal activities of the medicinal herb limonium echioides l. growing wild in Tunisia","volume":"37","author":"Saidana","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Process Preserv."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s43014-020-0020-5","article-title":"Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Samtiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Prod. Process Nutr."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2298\/GENSR2201091S","article-title":"Genetic variation in mineral profiles, yield contributing agronomic traits, and foliage yield of stem amaranth","volume":"54","author":"Sarker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061206","article-title":"Colorant pigments, nutrients, bioactive components, and antiradical potential of danta leaves (Amaranthus lividus)","volume":"6","author":"Sarker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiox."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-020-02700-0","article-title":"Polyphenol and flavonoid profiles and radical scavenging activity in leafy vegetable amaranthus gangeticus","volume":"20","author":"Sarker","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71727-y","article-title":"Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in selected drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth","volume":"10","author":"Sarker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91157-8","article-title":"Color attributes, betacyanin, and carotenoid profiles, bioactive components, and radical quenching capacity in selected amaranthus gangeticus leafy vegetables","volume":"11","author":"Sarker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030578","article-title":"Bioactive phytochemicals and quenching activity of radicals in selected drought-resistant amaranthus tricolor vegetable amaranth","volume":"3","author":"Sarker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiox."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092899","article-title":"Phytonutrients, colorant pigments, phytochemicals, and antioxidant potential of orphan leafy amaranthus species","volume":"9","author":"Sarker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.05.190","article-title":"Improvement of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum l.) nutritional value through iodine biofortification in a hydroponic floating system","volume":"296","author":"Sarroua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2021.1973970","article-title":"Bioactivities and phenolic composition of Limoniumboitardii Maire and L. cercinense Brullo & Erben (Plumbaginaceae): two Tunisian strict endemic plants","author":"Sefi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02069","article-title":"The value of native plants and local oroduction in an era of global agriculture","volume":"8","author":"Shelef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101570","article-title":"LC-MS based analysis and biological properties of pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) harms extracts: A valuable source of antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial compounds","volume":"10","author":"Sinan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1134\/S0003683809060118","article-title":"The antioxidant characteristics of medicinal plantextracts from Western Siberia","author":"Smirnova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Microbiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201900216","article-title":"Phytochemical and biological activities in limonium species collected in different biotopes of Tunisia","volume":"16","author":"Souid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3762-8_14","article-title":"Halophyte species as a source of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity","author":"Stankovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecophysiol. Abiotic Stress Responses Utilization Halophytes"},{"key":"B104","article-title":"A method for evaluation of antioxidant activity based on inhibition of free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis","volume-title":"Advanced protocols in oxidative stress II","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2009"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.086","article-title":"Development of a simple 96-well plate method for evaluation of antioxidant activity based on the oxidative haemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA)","volume":"134","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.037","article-title":"Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the root of limonium sinense kuntze","volume":"51","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-011-0807-8","article-title":"Variation of phenolic composition and biological activities in limoniastrum monopetalum","volume":"34","author":"Trabelsi","year":"2012","journal-title":"L. Organs Acta Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-8223(01)00078-5","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin a, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc","volume":"101","author":"Trumbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-018-0699-5","article-title":"Total phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of herbs used for medical and culinary purposes","author":"Ulewicz-Magulska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"B110","volume-title":"National nutrient database for standard reference, legacy release","year":"2021"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000160199.51158.cf","article-title":"Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: A meta- analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Whelton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"B112","unstructured":"Scientific update on the iodine content of Portuguese foods2018"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072314c","article-title":"Online RP-HPLC-DPPH screening method for detection of radical phytochem- icals from flowers of acacia confusa","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.01.036","article-title":"A quantitative starch-iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities","volume":"351","author":"Xiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9876-x","article-title":"Dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A dose\u2013response analysis of prospective studies","volume":"29","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.04.023","article-title":"Anti-HIV-1 activity of quinic acid isolated from helichrysum mimetes using NMR-based metabolomics and computational analysis","volume":"126","author":"Yazdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-006-0089-3","article-title":"Flavonoids of limonium aureum","volume":"42","author":"Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Comp."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0570508","article-title":"The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone","volume":"57","author":"Yemm","year":"1954","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00977","article-title":"Progress in studying salt secretion from the salt glands in recretohalophytes: How do plants secrete salt","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2010.04.012","article-title":"Identification of three relationships linking cadmium accumulation to cadmium tolerance and zinc and citrate accumulation in lettuce","volume":"167","author":"Zorrig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/15324989609381436","article-title":"Inula crithmoides: A candidate plant for saline agriculture","volume":"10","author":"Zurayk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arid Soil Res. Rehabilitation-Arid Land Res. Manage."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.979343\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T12:34:49Z","timestamp":1668688489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.979343\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":121,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2022.979343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2022.979343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"article-number":"979343"}}