{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:40:52Z","timestamp":1787164852222,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015714","name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Corporation Platform Talents Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[2017]5733-001 & CK-1130-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2017]5733-001 & CK-1130-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373981, U1812403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373981, U1812403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013140","name":"Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XTC2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTC2208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013140","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Dendrobine, a valuable alkaloid found in\n Dendrobium nobile<\/jats:italic>\n , possesses significant pharmaceutical potential.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this study, we explored innovative approaches to enhance dendrobine production by utilizing endophytic fungi in a Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS, Nanjing BioFunction Co. Ltd., China) and traditional test bottles. Dendrobine was unequivocally identified and characterised in\n D. nobile<\/jats:italic>\n co-culture seedlings through UHPLC analysis and LC-MS qTOF analysis, supported by reference standards.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The CGTB (control group) and EGTB (experimental group) 12-month-old\n D. nobile<\/jats:italic>\n seedlings exhibited similar peak retention times at 7.6\u00b10.1 minutes, with dendrobine identified as C\n 16<\/jats:sub>\n H\n 25<\/jats:sub>\n NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (molecular weight 264.195). The EGTB, co-cultured with\n Trichoderma longibrachiatum<\/jats:italic>\n (MD33), displayed a 2.6-fold dendrobine increase (1804.23 ng\/ml) compared to the CGTB (685.95 ng\/ml). Furthermore, a bioanalytical approach was applied to investigate the mono-culture of\n T. longibrachiatum<\/jats:italic>\n MD33 with or without\n D. nobile<\/jats:italic>\n seedlings in test bottles. The newly developed UHPLC-MS method allowed for dendrobine identification at a retention time of 7.6\u00b10.1 minutes for control and 7.6\u00b10.1 minutes for co-culture. Additionally, we explored TIBS to enhance dendrobine production. Co-culturing\n D. nobile<\/jats:italic>\n seedlings with\n Trichoderma longibrachiatum<\/jats:italic>\n (MD33) in the TIBS system led to a substantial 9.7-fold dendrobine increase (4415.77 ng\/ml) compared to the control (454.01 ng\/ml) after just 7 days. The comparative analysis of dendrobine concentration between EGTB and EGTIBS highlighted the remarkable potential of TIBS for optimizing dendrobine production. Future research may focus on scaling up the TIBS approach for commercial dendrobine production and investigating the underlying mechanisms for enhanced dendrobine biosynthesis in\n D. nobile<\/jats:italic>\n . The structural elucidation of dendrobine was achieved through\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H and\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C NMR spectroscopy, revealing a complex array of proton environments and distinct carbon environments, providing essential insights for the comprehensive characterization of the compound.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n These findings hold promise for pharmaceutical and industrial applications of dendrobine and underline the role of endophytic fungi in enhancing secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1302817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1706484318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Enhancing dendrobine production in Dendrobium nobile through mono-culturing of endophytic fungi, Trichoderma longibrachiatum (MD33) in a temporary immersion bioreactor system"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Surendra","family":"Sarsaiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxing","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxuan","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihai","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jishuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020147","article-title":"Pharmacological potential of fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants: A review","volume":"7","author":"Adeleke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2016.08.022","article-title":"Inducing secondary metabolite production by the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. through fungal\u2013bacterial co-culture and epigenetic modification","volume":"72","author":"Akone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1166\/jbmb.2018.1783","article-title":"Accumulative and component analysis of polysaccharide in protocorm of Dendrobium Candidum","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-023-02653-w","article-title":"Improving biomass and dendrobine-type total alkaloids (DTTAs) production of Dendrobium nobile through combining Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) with endophyte MD33 elicitation","volume":"156","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.700200","article-title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches deepen our knowledge of plant\u2013endophyte interactions","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12489","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00608","article-title":"Exogenous and endophytic fungal communities of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. across different habitats and their enhancement of host plants\u2019 dendrobine content and biomass accumulation","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.107942","article-title":"Interactions between endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. DO14 and Dendrobium catenatum: Deciphering plant polysaccharide and flavonoid accumulation and underlying mechanisms by comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses","volume":"202","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00221a033","article-title":"An approach to the total synthesis of dendrobine","volume":"50","author":"Connolly","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.04.013","article-title":"The improvement of bioactive secondary metabolites accumulation in Rumex gmelini Turcz through co-culture with endophytic fungi","volume":"49","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2637","article-title":"Trichoderma: the genomics of opportunistic success","volume":"9","author":"Druzhinina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1145715","article-title":"Molecular interaction between plants and Trichoderma species against soil-borne plant pathogens","volume":"14","author":"Dutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18761","article-title":"Exo- and endophytic fungi enable rapid transfer of nutrients from ant waste to orchid tissue","volume":"238","author":"Gegenbauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-022-01470-2","article-title":"Functional characterization of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Dendrobium nobile Lindl","volume":"12","author":"Gong","year":"2022","journal-title":"AMB Express."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071038","article-title":"Fungal endophytes: Microfactories of novel bioactive compounds with therapeutic interventions; A comprehensive review on the biotechnological developments in the field of fungal endophytic biology over the last decade","volume":"13","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201900631","article-title":"An amalgam of pathogenic and beneficial endophytic fungi colonizing four Dendrobium species from Meghalaya, India","volume":"60","author":"Hajong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d15070807","article-title":"Community richness and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the orchid Guarianthe skinneri Infested with \u201cBlack Blotch\u201d in the Soconusco Region, Chiapas, Mexico","volume":"15","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.13304\/j.nykjdb.2016.022","article-title":"Tissue culture of dendrobium candidum by batch immersion bioreactor","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"China J. Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12020346","article-title":"Temporary immersion bioreactor system as an efficient method for mass production of in vitro plants in horticulture and medicinal plants","volume":"12","author":"Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agron"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00906","article-title":"A friendly relationship between endophytic fungi and medicinal plants: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104497","article-title":"Dendrobine-type alkaloids and bibenzyl derivatives from Dendrobium findlayanum","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.605994","article-title":"Identification, biological activities and biosynthetic pathway of dendrobium alkaloids","volume":"12","author":"Mou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112839","article-title":"Anti-aging properties of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.: From molecular mechanisms to potential treatments","volume":"257","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2021.3036","article-title":"Illumina sequencing reveals conserved and novel MicroRNAs of Dendrobium nobile protocorm involved in synthesizing dendrobine, a potential nanodrug","volume":"17","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotech."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.15517\/lank.v20i1.41157","article-title":"Endophytic fungi associated with roots of epiphytic orchids in two Andean forests in Southern Ecuador and their role in germination","volume":"20","author":"Salazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lankesteriana"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00337","article-title":"New insights into detection of a dendrobine compound from a novel endophytic Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain and its toxicity against phytopathogenic bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Sarsaiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010316","article-title":"Molecular identification of endophytic fungi and their pathogenicity evaluation against Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale","volume":"21","author":"Sarsaiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2019.1644854","article-title":"A comprehensive review on fungal endophytes and its dynamics on Orchidaceae plants: current research, challenges, and future possibilities","volume":"10","author":"Sarsaiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00649","article-title":"Co-culturing of fungal strains against botrytis cinerea as a model for the induction of chemical diversity and therapeutic agents","volume":"8","author":"Serrano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.953836","article-title":"Fungal endophytes to combat biotic and abiotic stresses for climate-smart and sustainable agriculture","volume":"13","author":"Verma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14569-5","article-title":"Co-Culture of plant beneficial microbes as source of bioactive metabolites","volume":"7","author":"Vinale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1851.v1","article-title":"Cultivable endophyte resources in medicinal plants and effects on hosts","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1021\/np50041a014","article-title":"Dendrobine and 3-hydroxy-2-oxodendrobine from dendrobium nobile","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020205","article-title":"Endophytic fungi: An effective alternative source of plant-derived bioactive compounds for pharmacological studies","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.7b00150","article-title":"Seco-Dendrobine-Type alkaloids and bioactive phenolics from Dendrobium findlayanum","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929731","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2021.1929731","article-title":"Endophytic fungi stimulate the concentration of medicinal secondary metabolites in houttuynia cordata thumb","volume":"16","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.13926\/j.cnki.apps.000062","article-title":"Effects of two endophytic fungi from Dendrobium candidum on the growth of plantlets and protocorms","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Plant Pathol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.15889\/j.issn.1002-1302.2015.10.106","article-title":"Comparison of tissue culture medicinal and nutrient content of Dendrobium candidum","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agric. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-022-00843-9","article-title":"Improving large-scale biomass and total alkaloid production of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. using a temporary immersion bioreactor system and MeJA elicitation","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2018.06.010","article-title":"Optimization of nutritional conditions using a temporary immersion bioreactor system for the growth of Bletilla striata pseudobulbs and accumulation of polysaccharides","volume":"240","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1128956","article-title":"Fatty acid metabolites of Dendrobium nobile were positively correlated with representative endophytic fungi at altitude","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2940079\/v1","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Paenibacillus peoriae JC-3jx: An endophytic bacterium from Dendrobium nobile with antibacterial and growth-promoting potential","author":"ZhiPing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Square"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1302817\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T23:25:27Z","timestamp":1706484327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1302817\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2024.1302817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1302817","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"article-number":"1302817"}}