{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:49:28Z","timestamp":1789771768931,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the post-genomic era, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has played an important role in research on reverse genetics in plants. Commonly used <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>-mediated VIGS inoculation methods include stem scratching, leaf infiltration, use of agrodrench, and air-brush spraying. In this study, we developed a root wounding\u2013immersion method in which 1\/3 of the plant root (length) was cut and immersed in a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)1:TRV2 mixed solution for 30 min. We optimized the procedure in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic> and successfully silenced <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic>, tomato (<jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum<\/jats:italic>), pepper (<jats:italic>Capsicum annuum<\/jats:italic> L.), eggplant (<jats:italic>Solanum melongena<\/jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic> phytoene desaturase (<jats:italic>PDS<\/jats:italic>), and we observed the movement of green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the roots to the stem and leaves. The silencing rate of <jats:italic>PDS<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic> and tomato was 95\u2013100%. In addition, we successfully silenced two disease-resistance genes, <jats:italic>SITL5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SITL6<\/jats:italic>, to decrease disease resistance in tomatoes (CLN2037E). The root wounding\u2013immersion method can be used to inoculate large batches of plants in a short time and with high efficiency, and fresh bacterial infusions can be reused several times. The most important aspect of the root wounding\u2013immersion method is its application to plant species susceptible to root inoculation, as well as its ability to inoculate seedlings from early growth stages. This method offers a means to conduct large-scale functional genome screening in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1336726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:57:29Z","timestamp":1713502649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Establishment and application of a root wounding\u2013immersion method for efficient virus-induced gene silencing in plants"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinyun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiqian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junheng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.02.011","article-title":"Efficient virus-mediated genome editing in plants using the CRISPR\/Cas9 system","volume":"8","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. 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