{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:46:12Z","timestamp":1776185172475,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fungal pathogens cause major yield losses in agriculture and reduce food quality and production worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate new safer alternatives to chemicals for disease management and preserve the shelf life of food, this research was conducted to: determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of <jats:italic>Thymus serpyllum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Thymus piperella<\/jats:italic> chemotypes 1 and 2; investigate the antifungal potential of EOs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> against: <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bipolaris spicifera<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Curvularia hawaiiensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic> f. sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Penicillium italicum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Botryotinia fuckeliana<\/jats:italic>; evaluate a natural <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic> extract biofilm to conserve rice grain and cherry tomatoes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>EOs were analyzed by GC-MS+GC-FID. EOs\u2019 antifungal activity was evaluated by dissolving <jats:italic>Thymus<\/jats:italic> extracts in PDA. Petri dishes were inoculated with disks of each fungus and incubated at 25\u00b0C for 7 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic> EO displayed the best Mycelial Growth Inhibition. The antifungal effect of the <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic> EO biofilm was evaluated on rice caryopsis. Disinfected grains were dipped in a conidial suspension of each fungus and sprayed with EO (300 and 600 \u03bcg\/mL) prepared in Tween 20. Grains were stored. The percentage of infected grains was recorded for 30 days. The <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic> EO effect on cherry tomato conservation was evaluated <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Wounded fruit were immersed in the <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic> EO (300 and 400 \u03bcg\/mL) and inoculated with <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic> f. sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici<\/jats:italic>. Fruit were evaluated for 7 and 14 days. Chemical profiles thymol\/carvacrol for <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic>, carvacrol for <jats:italic>T. piperella<\/jats:italic> Tp1 and thymol for <jats:italic>T. piperella<\/jats:italic> Tp2 were defined. The three evaluated EOs reduced all the studied phytopathogens\u2019 fungal growth. The <jats:italic>T. serpyllum<\/jats:italic> biofilm was effective with rice storage and against <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic> f. sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici<\/jats:italic> for extending the shelf life of tomatoes in warehouses and storing postharvest cherry tomatoes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We suggest applying these EOs as biofilms for safe food conservation to replace synthetic products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1362569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T04:31:33Z","timestamp":1709872293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biofilm containing the Thymus serpyllum essential oil for rice and cherry tomato conservation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Josefa","family":"Rosell\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Llorens-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvina","family":"Larran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Sempere-Ferre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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