{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:04:40Z","timestamp":1788966280064,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first small scale cultivation of potatoes in the Nordic countries began roughly 300 years ago, and later became an important staple food in the region. Organized conservation efforts began in the 1980s, and today, potato landraces, improved varieties, and breeding lines are conserved in genebanks at the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Sweden, and the Norwegian Genetic Resource Centre (NGS), Norway, as well as at potato breeding companies across Nordic countries. All these collections house a diverse array of genotypes with local names and local growing histories from the whole region. However, the presence of duplicates, and inconsistent naming has led to confusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 198 accessions of cultivated potato (<jats:italic>Solanum tuberosum<\/jats:italic> L.) have been genotyped with 62 microsatellite (SSR) markers. The analyzed accessions came from three collections: 43 accessions from the Danish Potato Breeding Foundation in Vandel (LKF-Vandel), 90 from NordGen and 65 from NGS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genetic analysis revealed 140 unique potato genotypes and 31 groups\/clusters of duplicates, most of which contained duplicate pairs and the others three to ten accessions. Several accessions with distinct names were genetically identical or very similar, suggesting historical sharing, and regional distribution of seed potatoes, leading to the emergence of diverse local names. Moreover, many improved varieties from early potato breeding were revealed to have duplicates that have been considered Nordic landraces. Furthermore, potato accessions with identical names but originating from different collections were confirmed to be duplicates. These findings have already influenced management decisions and will further improve management practices for Nordic potato collections. Additionally, this new knowledge will benefit Nordic potato breeding efforts and allow for the dissemination of more accurate information to other users of potato diversity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1405314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:05:24Z","timestamp":1724648724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic markers identify duplicates in Nordic potato collections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Chrominski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Carlson-Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Palm\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne Grethe","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5smund","family":"Asdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Ansebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Potaters plantering, Grundad p\u00e5 R\u00f6n och F\u00f6rs\u00f6k","volume":"38","author":"Alstr\u00f6mer","year":"1777","journal-title":"Kongl. vetenskaps academiens handlingar"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.95.2.252","article-title":"DNA from herbarium specimens settles a controversy about origins of the European potato","volume":"95","author":"Ames","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"B3","article-title":"The history of the potato in Norway","volume-title":"Potatis i Norden. En beskrivning av gamla potatissorter bevarade hos Nordiska Genbanken","author":"Bjor","year":"2001"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-006-0353-8","article-title":"Detection of a quantitative trait locus for both foliage and tuber resistance to late blight Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on chromosome 4 of a dihaploid potato clone (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum)","volume":"113","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"11","article-title":"A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue","volume":"19","author":"Doyle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phytochem. Bull."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12230-018-9685-6","article-title":"DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis with simple sequence repeat markers of 217 potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) in China","volume":"96","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Potato Res."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"65","article-title":"The history of the potato in Sweden","volume-title":"Potatis i Norden. En beskrivning av gamla potatissorter bevarade hos Nordiska Genbanken","author":"Erjef\u00e4lt","year":"2001"},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Arran victory2021"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Kerrs Pink2021"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-005-2028-2","article-title":"Mapping and characterization of new EST-derived microsatellites for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)","volume":"111","author":"Feingold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-008-9240-0","article-title":"Robust and highly informative microsatellite-based genetic identity kit for potato","volume":"23","author":"Ghislain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-003-1494-7","article-title":"Selection of highly informative and user-friendly microsatellites (SSRs) for genotyping of cultivated potato","volume":"108","author":"Ghislain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1983.tb03460.x","article-title":"Potato introductions and breeding up to the early 20th century","volume":"94","author":"Glendinning","year":"1983","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"194","article-title":"Potatissorterna i sverige. Potato varieties in Sweden","volume":"5","author":"Hagberth","year":"1951","journal-title":"R. Agr. Col. Sweden Inst. Plant Husb. Publ."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1233838","article-title":"Limited genetic changes observed during in situ and ex situ conservation in Nordic populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense)","volume":"14","author":"Hagenblad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci. Sec. Plant Breed."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"559","article-title":"Beskrivelse af kartoffelsorter, dyrket i Danmark","volume":"49","author":"Hansen","year":"1945","journal-title":"Tidsskrift Planteavl"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity and Genetic Resources","author":"Hawkes","year":"1990"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02985257","article-title":"The potato in Spain during the late 16th century","volume":"46","author":"Hawkes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00029633","article-title":"The early history of the potato in Europe","volume":"70","author":"Hawkes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"V\u00e5ra potatissorter. Systematisk Behandling","author":"Hellbo","year":"1942"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-018-3123-5","article-title":"Molecular and genetic characterization of the Ryadg locus on chromosome XI from Andigena potatoes conferring extreme resistance to potato virus Y","volume":"131","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"HoekstraR.\n            ReidA.\n          Final report of the AEGIS project: identification of old potato clones having unreliable variety names by means of fingerprinting using microsatellite (SSR) markers to assist in setting up the AEGIS collection for potato cultivars2014"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4038\/jas.v7i1.4063","article-title":"Adoption of improved potato varieties in Nepal: A case of Bara district","volume":"7","author":"Kafle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. \u2013 Sri Lanka"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02849164","article-title":"Characterization of Solanum tuberosum simple sequence repeats and application to potato cultivar identification","volume":"73","author":"Kawchuk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. Potato J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.17066","article-title":"A set of tetra-nucleotide core motif SSR markers for efficient identification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars","volume":"67","author":"Kishine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breed Sci."},{"key":"B26","article-title":"Microsatellites used for estimation of relationship between potato breeding clones","author":"K\u00f8rup S\u00f8rensen","year":"2007"},{"key":"B27","unstructured":"Historiske potetsorter dyrket i Norge2019"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Kartoffelens kr\u00f8nike: en kulturhistorisk studie","author":"Kyrre","year":"1938"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"67","article-title":"How the potato changed the world\u2019s history","volume":"66","author":"McNeill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050809","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and mapping of simple sequence repeat loci in potato","volume":"259","author":"Milbourne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"696","article-title":"Assessment of genetic relationship among promising potato genotypes in Rwanda using SSR markers","volume":"9","author":"Muhinyuza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. J. Crop Sci."},{"key":"B32","unstructured":"Potet. Arran victory2020"},{"key":"B33","unstructured":"Potet. Mandelpotet2020"},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Potatis","author":"Osvald","year":"1940"},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Potatisen: odlingshistoria och anv\u00e4ndning","author":"Osvald","year":"1965"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Morfologiske sortskarakterer hos potet. Bidrag til beskrivelse av 98 potetsorter","author":"\u00d8verby","year":"1929"},{"key":"B37","unstructured":"Sorter2017"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00224052","article-title":"Microsatellite analysis of relationships within cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum)","volume":"92","author":"Provan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S1479262107192133","article-title":"A rapid simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based identification method for potato cultivars","volume":"5","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Genet. Resour."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2135\/CROPSCI2006.05.0336","article-title":"What is the origin of the European potato? Evidence from Canary Island landraces","volume":"47","author":"R\u00edos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"Beskrivelse av potetsorter","author":"Roer","year":"1981"},{"key":"B42","volume-title":"Nordisk genbank. Arbeidet med sikring av verdifullt potetmateriale. Fagnytt hagebruk 12","author":"Roer","year":"1992"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Potato varieties","author":"Salaman","year":"1926"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-022-03726-2","article-title":"Diversity and population structure of Nordic potato cultivars and breeding clones","volume":"22","author":"Selga","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11040604","article-title":"Genetic diversity trends in the cultivated potato: A spatiotemporal overview","volume":"11","author":"Spanoghe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-004-1917-0","article-title":"Nuclear and chloroplast DNA reassessment of the origin of Indian potato varieties and its implications for the origin of the early European potato","volume":"110","author":"Spooner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B47","volume-title":"Botaniska tra\u0308dga\u030arden i Upsala 1655\u20131807: ett bidrag till den svenska naturforskningens historia","author":"Swederus","year":"1877"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-007-0667-1","article-title":"The novel gene Ny-1 on potato chromosome IX confers hypersensitive resistance to Potato virus Y and is an alternative to Ry genes in potato breeding for PVY resistance","volume":"116","author":"Szajko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"32","article-title":"The potato in Denmark","volume-title":"Potatis i Norden. En beskrivning av gamla Potatissorter Bevarade hos Nordiska Genbanken","author":"Tolstrup","year":"2001"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00023099","article-title":"Treasure-digging for blight resistance in potatoes","volume":"13","author":"Toxopeus","year":"1964","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"B53","article-title":"True potato seed","author":"Umaerus","year":"1989"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11540-007-9028-3","article-title":"An online potato pedigree database resource","volume":"50","author":"van Berloo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Potato Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-016-2831-y","article-title":"Graphical genotyping as a method to map Ny(o,n) sto and Gpa5 using a reference panel of tetraploid potato cultivars","volume":"130","author":"van Eck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B56","first-page":"44","article-title":"The potato in Finland from the past to the present","volume-title":"Potatis i Norden. En beskrivning av gamla potatissorter bevarade hos Nordiska Genbanken","author":"Varis","year":"2001"},{"key":"B57","volume-title":"Potatis i Norden. En beskrivning av gamla potatissorter bevarade hos Nordiska Genbanken","author":"Vetel\u00e4inen","year":"2001"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-003-6129-y","article-title":"Diversity of Nordic landrace potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) revealed by AFLPs and morphological characters","volume":"52","author":"Vetel\u00e4inen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"193","article-title":"Breeding for resistance","volume-title":"Phytophthora infestans","author":"Wastie","year":"1991"},{"key":"B60","volume-title":"40 years of Nordic Collaboration in Plant Genetic Resources","author":"Yndgaard","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1405314\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:05:38Z","timestamp":1724648738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1405314\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2024.1405314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1405314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"article-number":"1405314"}}