{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:57:41Z","timestamp":1793411861802,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary forests and coffee cultivation systems with shade trees might have great potential for carbon sequestration as a means of climate change adaptation and mitigation. This study aimed to measure carbon stocks in coffee plantations under different managements and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest (San Mart\u00edn Region).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The carbon stock in secondary forest trees was estimated using allometric equations, while carbon stocks in soil, herbaceous biomass, and leaf litter were determined through sampling and laboratory analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The biomass carbon stock in secondary forests was 132.2 t\/ha, while in coffee plantations with\n                      <jats:italic>Inga<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. shade trees was 118.2 t\/ha. Carbon stocks were 76.5 t\/ha in coffee with polyculture farming, while the lowest amount of carbon was found in coffee without shade trees (31.1 t\/ha). The carbon sequestered by coffee plants in all agroforestry systems examined had an average of 2.65 t\/ha, corresponding to 4.63 % of the total carbon sequestered, being the highest stored in the coffee system with\n                      <jats:italic>Inga<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. shade trees. A higher content of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) was found in coffee without shade trees, with 18.5 mg\/g.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results point to\n                      <jats:italic>Inga<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. as a compatible model of shade system for coffee farms. However, broader-scale time-average measurements and carbon dioxide emissions should be assessed in these study systems to have a full understanding of their climate impacts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1410418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T08:33:06Z","timestamp":1733992386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Carbon reserves in coffee agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Geomar","family":"Vallejos-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nery","family":"Gaona-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Pichis-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u00edbal","family":"Quinteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andi","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Saavedra-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Tuesta-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keneth","family":"Reategui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilder","family":"Macedo-C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan R.","family":"Baselly-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20190316","article-title":"Climate change and agriculture: Subsistence farmers\u2019 response to extreme heat","volume":"13","author":"Arag\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. 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