{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:27:55Z","timestamp":1792272475248,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Lib.) de Bary is the causative agent of stem white mold disease which severely reduces major crop productivity including soybean and rapeseed worldwide. The current study aimed to explore plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol of new isolated\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    BS-2301 to suppress\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    through various mechanisms. The results indicated that the BS-2301 exhibited strong biocontrol potential against\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    up to 74% both in dual culture and partition plate experiments. The BS-2301 and its crude extract significantly suppressed\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth involving excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mycelia for rapid death. Furthermore, the treated hyphae produced low oxalic acid (OA), a crucial pathogenicity factor of\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The SEM and TEM microscopy of\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed severe damage in terms of cell wall, cell membrane breakage, cytoplasm displacement, and organelles disintegration compared to control. The pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposed to BS-2301 had less disease progression potential on soybean leaves in the detached leaf assay experiment. Remarkably, the strain also demonstrated broad-range antagonistic activity with 70%, and 68% inhibition rates against\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora sojae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Furthermore, the strain exhibits multiple plant growth-promoting and disease-prevention traits, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, amylases, cellulases and proteases as well as harboring calcium phosphate decomposition activity. In comparison to the control, the BS-2301 also showed great potential for enhancing soybean seedlings growth for different parameters, including shoot length 31.23%, root length 29.87%, total fresh weight 33.45%, and total dry weight 27.56%. The antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POD, SOD and APX under BS-2301 treatment were up-regulated in\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected plants along with the positive regulation of defense-related genes (\n                    <jats:italic>PR1-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PR10, PAL1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AOS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CHS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PDF1.2)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings demonstrate that the BS-2301 strain possesses a notable broad-spectrum biocontrol potential against different phytopathogens and provides new insight in suppressing\n                    <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    through various mechanisms. Therefore, BS-2301 will be helpful in the development of biofertilizers for sustainable agricultural practices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1444328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:43:22Z","timestamp":1724287402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Exploring plant growth promoting traits and biocontrol potential of new isolated Bacillus subtilis BS-2301 strain in suppressing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum through various mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qurban","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Kai","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farman","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khan Abdur","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-qiu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Aziz","family":"Bukero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Kun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-De","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16889","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316889","article-title":"The prospect of hydrolytic enzymes from bacillus species in the biological control of pests and diseases in forest and fruit tree production","volume":"24","author":"Ajuna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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