{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:42:17Z","timestamp":1792791737555,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tropical cloud forest ecosystems are expected to face reduced water inputs due to climatic changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we study the ecophysiological responses of trees and epiphytes within in an Asian cloud forest to investigate the contributions of rainfall, fog, and soil to leaf water in 60 tree and 30 vascular epiphyte species. We measured multiple functional traits, and \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      H, and \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      O isotope ratios for leaf water, soil water, rainfall, and fog in the wettest (July) and driest (February) months. Using a Bayesian stable isotope mixing model, we quantified the relative contributions of soil water, fog, and rainfall to leaf water.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rainfall contributes almost all the leaf water of the epiphytes in July, whereas fog is the major source in February. Epiphytes cannot tap xylem water from host trees, and hence depended on fog water when rainfall was low. Most of leaf water was absorbed from soil water in July, while fog was an important source for leaf water in February despite the soil moisture content value was high. In February, lower temperatures, along with reduced photosynthesis and transpiration rates, likely contributed to decreased soil water uptake, while maintaining higher soil moisture levels despite the limited rainfall. These contrasting contributions of different water sources to leaf water under low and high rainfall and for different plant groups outline the community-level ecophysiological responses to changes in rainfall. While direct measurements of water flux, particularly in roots and stems, are needed, our results provide valuable insights on tropical cloud forest hydrology under scenarios of decreased fog immersion due to climatic changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1488163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:35:16Z","timestamp":1729125316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The contributions of rainfall and fog to leaf water of tree and epiphyte communities in a tropical cloud forest"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shree","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2018.04.021","article-title":"Evaluation of leaf carbon isotopes and functional traits in avocado reveals water-use efficient cultivars","volume":"263","author":"Acosta-Rangel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467402002146","article-title":"Effects of the 1997-98 El Ni\u00f1o drought on rain forests of mount Kinabalu, Borneo","volume":"18","author":"Aiba","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Trop. Ecol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04246","article-title":"Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming","volume":"439","author":"Alan Pounds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.11.002","article-title":"Suppression of transpiration due to cloud immersion in a seasonally dry Mexican weeping pine plantation","volume":"186","author":"Alvarado-Barrientos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. For Meteorol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908572107","article-title":"Tropical cloud forest climate variability and the demise of the Monteverde golden toad","volume":"107","author":"Anchukaitis","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107891109","article-title":"The roles of hydraulic and carbon stress in a widespread climate-induced forest die-off","volume":"109","author":"Anderegg","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01751.x","article-title":"The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: a global meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bartlett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12374","article-title":"Global analysis of plasticity in turgor loss point, a key drought tolerance trait","volume":"17","author":"Bartlett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.14073","article-title":"On the use of leaf water to determine plant water source: A proof of concept","volume":"35","author":"Benettin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hydrol Process."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13439","article-title":"Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets","volume":"42","author":"Berry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpv062","article-title":"Vegetation-zonation patterns across a temperate mountain cloud forest ecotone are not explained by variation in hydraulic functioning or water relations","volume":"35","author":"Berry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14666","article-title":"Foliar water uptake in Amazonian trees: Evidence and consequences","volume":"25","author":"Binks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15255","article-title":"Employing stable isotopes to determine the residence times of soil water and the temporal origin of water taken up by Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a temperate forest","volume":"219","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.023879","article-title":"Stomatal closure during leaf dehydration, correlation with other leaf physiological traits","volume":"132","author":"Brodribb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.7974","article-title":"Hydrometeorology of tropical montane cloud forests: emerging patterns","volume":"25","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol Process."},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Tropical montane cloud forests: science for conservation and management","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"2010"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/176859","article-title":"Climatic conditions and tropical montane forest productivity: the fog has not lifted yet","volume":"79","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2004.01207.x","article-title":"The contribution of fog to the water relations of Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don): foliar uptake and prevention of dehydration","volume":"27","author":"Burgess","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12579","article-title":"Re-growing a tropical dry forest: functional plant trait composition and community assembly during succession","volume":"30","author":"Buzzard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2012.02498.x","article-title":"Differential leaf expansion can enable hydraulic acclimation to sun and shade","volume":"35","author":"Carins Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-020-04673-1","article-title":"Foliar water uptake in arid ecosystems: seasonal variability and ecophysiological consequences","volume":"193","author":"Cavallaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12423","article-title":"Environmental and physiological determinants of carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants","volume":"200","author":"Cernusak","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-020-04421-7","article-title":"The effects of soil phosphorus on aboveground biomass are mediated by functional diversity in a tropical cloud forest","volume":"449","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Soil."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0240-x","article-title":"Triggers of tree mortality under drought","volume":"558","author":"Choat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15307","article-title":"The value of wet leaves","volume":"219","author":"Dawson","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecon.2022.01.001","article-title":"Assessing the conservation of eastern Ecuadorian cloud forests in climate change scenarios","volume":"20","author":"de Meyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2011.02.007","article-title":"Changes in the vertical profiles of mean temperature and humidity in the Hawaiian Islands","volume":"77","author":"Diaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob Planet Change."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12248","article-title":"Foliar uptake of fog water and transport belowground alleviates drought effects in the cloud forest tree species, Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae)","volume":"199","author":"Eller","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13952","article-title":"Cloud forest trees with higher foliar water uptake capacity and anisohydric behavior are more vulnerable to drought and climate change","volume":"211","author":"Eller","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2016.04.006","article-title":"Carbon isotopes and water use efficiency in C4 plants","volume":"31","author":"Ellsworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.40.060189.002443","article-title":"Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis","volume":"40","author":"Farquhar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12948","article-title":"Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants","volume":"40","author":"Farrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0335-x","article-title":"Chytrid fungi and global amphibian declines","volume":"18","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0799","article-title":"Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession","volume":"85","author":"Garnier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-018-4199-y","article-title":"Dew-induced transpiration suppression impacts the water and isotope balances of Colocasia leaves","volume":"187","author":"Gerlein-Safdi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1363-5_11","article-title":"Hydrology and biogeochemistry of tropical montane cloud forests","volume-title":"Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry","author":"Giambelluca","year":"2011"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12039","article-title":"The incidence and implications of clouds for cloud forest plant water relations","volume":"16","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eco. Lett."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12151","article-title":"Foggy days and dry nights determine crown-level water balance in a seasonal tropical montane cloud forest","volume":"37","author":"Gotsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14866","article-title":"Variation in the resilience of cloud forest vascular epiphytes to severe drought","volume":"219","author":"Gotsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1076.1","article-title":"Life in the treetops: ecophysiological strategies of canopy epiphytes in a tropical montane cloud forest","volume":"85","author":"Gotsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213155","article-title":"Neotropical cloud forests and p\u00e1ramo to contract and dry from declines in cloud immersion and frost","volume":"14","author":"Helmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1029\/2006WR005262","article-title":"Ecohydrology of a seasonal cloud forest in Dhofar: 2. Role of clouds, soil type, and rooting depth in tree-grass competition","volume":"43","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.6065","article-title":"Estimating fog deposition at a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest site: comparison of the water budget and eddy covariance methods","volume":"20","author":"Holwerda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hydrol Process."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-015-3533-x","article-title":"Life in the clouds: are tropical montane cloud forests responding to changes in climate","volume":"180","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.7847","article-title":"The climate of cloud forests","volume":"25","author":"Jarvis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol Process"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/28.3.385","article-title":"Cloud immersion alters microclimate, photosynthesis and water relations in Rhododendron catawbiense and Abies fraseri seedlings in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01450-y","article-title":"Limited protection and ongoing loss of tropical cloud forest biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide","volume":"5","author":"Karger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12362","article-title":"Consistent response of vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in tropical mountain regions","volume":"20","author":"Krishnaswamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12288","article-title":"Applying trait-based models to achieve functional targets for theory-driven ecological restoration","volume":"17","author":"Laughlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.2002.00664.x","article-title":"Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail","volume":"16","author":"Lavorel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2022.108899","article-title":"Assessment of spatiotemporal dynamics of diurnal fog occurrence in subtropical montane cloud forests","volume":"317","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. For Meteorol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1400-3","article-title":"Foliar water uptake: a common water acquisition strategy for plants of the redwood forest","volume":"161","author":"Limm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.12.002","article-title":"Fog drip and its relation to groundwater in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China: a preliminary study","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1258.2011.00137","article-title":"Environmental characteristics of tropical cloud forests in the rainy season in Bawangling National Nature Reserve on Hainan Island, South China","volume":"35","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Plant Ecol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12256","article-title":"Community assembly in a tropical cloud forest related to specific leaf area and maximum species height","volume":"26","author":"Long","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2011.05.007","article-title":"Air temperature and soil phosphorus availability correlate with trait differences between two types of tropical cloud forests","volume":"206","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Flora"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-011-2050-9","article-title":"Within- and among-species variation in specific leaf area drive community assembly in a tropical cloud forest","volume":"167","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112431","article-title":"Detection of signals linked to climate change, land-cover change and climate oscillators in Tropical Montane Cloud Forests","volume":"260","author":"Los","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2019.06.016","article-title":"Sensitivity of a tropical montane cloud forest to climate change, present, past and future: Mt","volume":"218","author":"Los","year":"2019","journal-title":"Marsabit N. Kenya. Quat Sci. Rev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-17-3543-2013","article-title":"Land use change effects on runoff generation in a humid tropical montane cloud forest region","volume":"17","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Villers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrol Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-002-0899-3","article-title":"Potential effects of climate change on canopy communities in a tropical cloud forest: an experimental approach","volume":"131","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JAMC1819.1","article-title":"Biogeography of tropical montane cloud forests. Part II: mapping of orographic cloud immersion","volume":"47","author":"Nair","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol Climatol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.05.027","article-title":"Linkages between forest soils and water quality and quantity","volume":"258","author":"Neary","year":"2009","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHOT.0000046152.05364.77","article-title":"Photosynthesis and water use efficiency in twenty tropical tree species of differing succession status in a Brazilian reforestation","volume":"42","author":"Nogueira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcu060","article-title":"The hydroclimatic and ecophysiological basis of cloud forest distributions under current and projected climates","volume":"113","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/env.2221","article-title":"Bayesian stable isotope mixing models","volume":"24","author":"Parnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1453","article-title":"Vulnerability of cloud forest reserves in Mexico to climate change","volume":"2","author":"Ponce-Reyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Clim Change"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/19297","article-title":"Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain","volume":"398","author":"Pounds","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006096","article-title":"Impact of land use on Costa Rican tropical montane cloud forests: Sensitivity of orographic cloud formation to deforestation in the plains","volume":"111","author":"Ray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpn043","article-title":"Fog reduces transpiration in tree species of the Canarian relict heath-laurel cloud forest (Garajonay National Park, Spain)","volume":"29","author":"Ritter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0016-8025.2003.01058.x","article-title":"The \u2018hydrology\u2019 of leaves: co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species","volume":"26","author":"Sack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2307\/2258101","article-title":"Distribution of epiphytic orchids in semi-deciduous tropical forest in southern Nigeria","volume":"56","author":"Sanford","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2019.00324","article-title":"A socio-hydrological perspective on recent and future precipitation changes over tropical montane cloud forests in the Andes","volume":"7","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511778384.003","article-title":"Setting the stage","volume-title":"Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management","author":"Scatena","year":"2011"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0072-0","article-title":"A universal bioluminescence resonance energy transfer sensor design enables high-sensitivity screening of GPCR activation dynamics","volume":"1","author":"Schihada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.7739","article-title":"Using eddy covariance and stable isotope mass balance techniques to estimate fog water contributions to a Costa Rican cloud forest during the dry season","volume":"25","author":"Schmid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol Process."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.7762","article-title":"Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests","volume":"25","author":"Scholl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol Process."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.01.003","article-title":"Foliar water uptake in trees: negligible or necessary","volume":"25","author":"Schreel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5236","article-title":"Identification and correction of spectral contamination in 2H\/1H and 18O\/16O measured in leaf, stem, and soil water","volume":"25","author":"Schultz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18728-7","article-title":"Hysteresis of tropical forests in the 21st century","volume":"11","author":"Staal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/19293","article-title":"Simulating the effects of climate change on tropical montane cloud forests","volume":"398","author":"Still","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01557.x","article-title":"Scaling environmental change through the community level: a trait-based response-and-effect framework for plants","volume":"14","author":"Suding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/jofore\/fvy054","article-title":"Forest and water in the 21st century: A global perspective","volume":"117","author":"Vose","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. For."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.262","article-title":"Inter-comparison of stable isotope mixing models for determining plant water source partitioning","volume":"666","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcab055","article-title":"Co-ordination between leaf biomechanical resistance and hydraulic safety across 30 sub-tropical woody species","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-019-00388-4","article-title":"Medium, vector, and connector: fog and the maintenance of ecosystems","volume":"23","author":"Weathers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02432929","article-title":"Canopy dieback in the upper montane rain forests of Sri Lanka","volume":"17","author":"Werner","year":"1988","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2015.11.027","article-title":"Vanadium isotope measurement by MC-ICP-MS","volume":"421","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f9050260","article-title":"Fog water is important in maintaining the water budgets of vascular epiphytes in an Asian tropical karst forests during the dry season","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-012-2279-y","article-title":"Responses of leaf structure and photosynthetic properties to intra-canopy light gradients: a common garden test with four broadleaf deciduous angiosperm and seven evergreen conifer tree species","volume":"170","author":"Wyka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.680379","article-title":"Differing trade-off patterns of tree vegetative organs in a tropical cloud forest","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR025628","article-title":"Fog interception maintains a major waterfall landscape in southwest China revealed by isotopic signatures","volume":"56","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13079","article-title":"Using functional trait diversity patterns to disentangle the scale-dependent ecological processes in a subtropical forest","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12753","article-title":"Significant difference in hydrogen isotope composition between xylem and tissue water in Populus euphratica","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68421-3_7","article-title":"Epiphytic plants in a changing world-global: change effects on vascular and non-vascular epiphytes","volume-title":"Progress in Botany","author":"Zotz","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1488163\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:35:21Z","timestamp":1729125321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1488163\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2024.1488163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1488163","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"article-number":"1488163"}}