{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:01:28Z","timestamp":1792202488416,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stripe rust, caused by <jats:italic>Puccinia striiformis<\/jats:italic> f. sp. <jats:italic>tritici<\/jats:italic>, poses a significant threat to wheat quality and production worldwide. The rapid evolution of <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic> races caused several resistance genes to be ineffective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated stripe rust resistance genes in 349 Pakistan and Southwest China genotypes. We utilized previously published functional and linked molecular markers to detect 13 major stripe rust resistance genes: <jats:italic>Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr30, Yr36, Yr48, Yr65<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>YrSp<\/jats:italic>. Field evaluations assessed IT and resistance levels, while the impact of gene combinations on resistance was also analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Field evaluations showed that over 60% of Chuanyu wheat, 50% of recent Pakistani cultivars, and 20% of historic Pakistani lines were resistant to current stripe rust races. In Chuanyu wheat, the dominant genes were <jats:italic>Yr17, YrSp<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Yr48<\/jats:italic>; however, <jats:italic>Yr17, Yr26<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>YrSp<\/jats:italic> were overused, while <jats:italic>Yr36<\/jats:italic> was absent, and <jats:italic>Yr18<\/jats:italic> was rare. In historic lines,  <jats:italic>Yr5, Yr17, Yr18<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Yr26<\/jats:italic> were prevalent, with <jats:italic>Yr15, Yr26<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>YrSp<\/jats:italic> demonstrating effective resistance against current stripe rust races.  Furthermore, the study identified specific combinations of <jats:italic>Yr<\/jats:italic> genes (<jats:italic>Yr26+Yr48, Yr29+Yr5, Yr26+Yr30<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Yr30+Yr17<\/jats:italic>) that enhanced resistance to <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research highlights effective resistance genes and gene combinations for stripe rust in wheat and emphasizes the deployment of durable resistance. The findings guide the strategic use of these genes in breeding programs aimed at developing durable resistance in wheat genotypes in Pakistan and Southwest China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1494566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:26:14Z","timestamp":1733718374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of stripe rust resistance and analysis of resistance genes in wheat genotypes from Pakistan and Southwest China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sakina","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinnuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armghan","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghui","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Fayyaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2003.09.010","article-title":"Functional markers in plants","volume":"8","author":"Andersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2010.02420.x","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the wheat yellow rust population in Pakistan and its relationship with host resistance","volume":"60","author":"Bahri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-75879-0_2","article-title":"Globally important wheat diseases: Status, challenges, breeding and genomic tools to enhance resistance durability","author":"Bhavani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genomic Designing Biotic Stress Resistant Cereal Crops"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9040436","article-title":"Races CYR34 and Suwon11-1 of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici played an important role in causing the stripe rust epidemic in winter wheat in Yili, Xinjiang, China","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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