{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:19:45Z","timestamp":1792790385131,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting cucumber (<jats:italic>Cucumis sativus<\/jats:italic> L.) production, especially in areas where saltwater intrusion is present and brackish water is used for irrigation. This study evaluated salinity tolerance in cucumber cultivars across three growth stages\u2014germination, seedling, and vegetative\u2014using various concentrations of brackish water ranging from 0 to 31 dS\u00b7m<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>. Germination results revealed distinct cultivar responses, with \u2018Diva\u2019 performing well and \u2018Striped Armenian\u2019 showing poor emergence. However, at the seedling and vegetative stages, \u2018Striped Armenian\u2019 consistently outperformed others under salinity stress, maintaining higher survival, shoot growth, and stress tolerance indices. In contrast, cultivars such as \u2018Diva\u2019 and \u2018H-19 Little Leaf\u2019 were more sensitive at later stages despite good early germination. Brackish water concentrations above 6 dS\u00b7m<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> led to significant reductions in biomass and shoot traits, with complete seedling mortality observed at 22 dS\u00b7m<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>. At the vegetative stage, increasing salinity resulted in reduced shoot length, dry weight, and gas exchange parameters, including stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. While intrinsic water use efficiency increased under severe stress, it did not consistently indicate overall tolerance. The contrasting performance of cultivars across stages underscores the complexity of salinity responses. Cultivar \u2018Striped Armenian\u2019 consistent resilience suggests its potential for use in areas where saltwater intrusion is a problem. These findings emphasize the importance of stage-specific screening and the integration of physiological traits to accurately identify salt-tolerant cultivars. This approach provides a reliable strategy for improving cucumber productivity under saline conditions and supports breeding efforts targeting stress-resilient varieties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1617809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:33:29Z","timestamp":1755066809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Growth stage-specific responses of cucumber to salinity stress: germination, seedling establishment, and vegetative development"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Azeezahmed","family":"Shaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghupathy","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekar S.","family":"Kousik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48947-z","article-title":"Cucumber grafting on indigenous cucurbit landraces confers salt tolerance and improves fruit yield by enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and ionic attributes","volume":"13","author":"Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2003.609.40","article-title":"Vegetables production in greenhouse using brackish water","volume":"609","author":"Abdal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9111626","article-title":"Effect of salinity stress on growth and metabolomic profiling of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum","volume":"9","author":"Abdel-Farid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8010059","article-title":"The effect of salinity on fruit quality and yield of cherry tomatoes","volume":"8","author":"Agius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60023-1","article-title":"Salinity in relation to irrigation","volume":"16","author":"Allison","year":"1964","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.21475\/ajcs.23.17.06.p3915","article-title":"Cucumber and salinity","volume":"17","author":"Al-Momany","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. J. Crop Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2009.02176.x","article-title":"Effect of salinity on pythium damping-off of cucumber and on the tolerance of Pythium aphanidermatum","volume":"59","author":"Al-Sadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.03.008","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles boost growth and productivity of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses by balancing nutrients uptake","volume":"139","author":"Alsaeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66677-8","article-title":"Humic acid and grafting as sustainable agronomic practices for increased growth and secondary metabolism in cucumber subjected to salt stress","volume":"14","author":"Amerian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/pbr.12000","article-title":"Crop breeding for salt tolerance in the era of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection","volume":"132","author":"Ashraf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Breed."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40626-021-00196-z","article-title":"Modeling the effects of salt stress and temperature on seed germination of cucumber using halothermal time concept","volume":"33","author":"Bakhshandeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.05.061","article-title":"A cost effective method for improving the quality of inland desalinated brackish water destined for agricultural irrigation","volume":"262","author":"Birnhack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1051\/agro:19980801","article-title":"Response of eight Cucumis melo cultivars to salinity during germination and early vegetative growth","volume":"18","author":"Bot\u00eda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Agronomie"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2004.11.009","article-title":"Effects of timing and duration of brackish irrigation water on fruit yield and quality of late summer melons","volume":"74","author":"Bustan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/00221589.1992.11516227","article-title":"Effects of NaCl salinity on germination, growth and yield of greenhouse cucumber","volume":"67","author":"Chartzoulakis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4238(94)90088-4","article-title":"Photosynthesis, water relations and leaf growth of cucumber exposed to salt stress","volume":"59","author":"Chartzoulakis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10050677","article-title":"Determining ion toxicity in cucumber under salinity stress","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.09.023","article-title":"The effectiveness of grafting to improve NaCl and CaCl2 tolerance in cucumber","volume":"164","author":"Colla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj102","article-title":"Tomato and salinity","volume":"57","author":"Cuartero","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2010.05.020","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of cucumber seedling roots subjected to salt stress","volume":"71","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.104062","article-title":"Understanding of the postgerminative development response to salinity and drought stresses in cucumber seeds by integrated proteomics and transcriptomics analysis","volume":"232","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-70542017416013017","article-title":"Assessment of watermelon accessions for salt tolerance using stress tolerance indices","volume":"41","author":"Ekbic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cienc. e Agrotecnologia"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.12.014","article-title":"Physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in grafted cucumber","volume":"130","author":"Elsheery","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"62","article-title":"Physiological aspect of Nacl-salt stress tolerant among cucurbitaceous cultivars","volume":"5","author":"El-Shraiy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-021-00479-z","article-title":"Seed priming with putrescine alleviated salinity stress during germination and seedling growth of medicinal pumpkin","volume":"21","author":"Farsaraei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9780897","article-title":"Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses","volume":"29","author":"Fischer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcu267","article-title":"Plant salt tolerance: Adaptations in halophytes","volume":"115","author":"Flowers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11050463","article-title":"Response and defence mechanisms of vegetable crops against drought, heat and salinity stress","volume":"11","author":"Giordano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-019-3007-6","article-title":"Silicon can improve seed germination and ameliorate oxidative damage of bud seedlings in cucumber under salt stress","volume":"42","author":"Gou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4238(98)00192-7","article-title":"Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops","volume":"78","author":"Grattan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"27","article-title":"Use of drainage water for irrigation of melons and tomatoes","volume":"41","author":"Grattan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Calif. Agric."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1023178","article-title":"Enhancement of cucumber resistance under salt stress by 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactones","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-021-00589-9","article-title":"Comparison of the salt stress tolerance of promising Turkish winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) Lines and Interspecific Hybrids","volume":"74","author":"Horuz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gesunde Pflanz."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2010.02.002","article-title":"Improving cucumber tolerance to major nutrients induced salinity by grafting onto Cucurbita ficifolia","volume":"69","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.04.018","article-title":"Reciprocal grafting between cucumber and pumpkin demonstrates the roles of the rootstock in the determination of cucumber salt tolerance and sodium accumulation","volume":"149","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2015.12.011","article-title":"Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds","volume":"192","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55325-w","article-title":"Effect of different salinity on seed germination, growth parameters and biochemical contents of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds cultivars","volume":"14","author":"Irik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/17429145.2014.894587","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria reduce adverse effects of salinity and osmotic stress by regulating phytohormones and antioxidants in Cucumis sativus","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Plant Interact."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2006.12.008","article-title":"Improved salt tolerance of melon (Cucumis melo L.) by the addition of proline and potassium nitrate","volume":"60","author":"Kaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B40","first-page":"183","article-title":"Screening for salinity tolerance in developed winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Lines","volume":"26","author":"Kurtar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi Tar\u0131m Bilim. Derg."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s13580-013-1042-6","article-title":"Antioxidative enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and proline accumulation in the callus tissues of salt and drought tolerant and sensitive pumpkin genotypes under chilling stress","volume":"54","author":"Kusvuran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(97)80204-0","article-title":"Salt stress-induced responses in cucumber plants","volume":"150","author":"Lechno","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12162927","article-title":"Salt tolerance evaluation of cucumber germplasm under sodium chloride stress","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051043","article-title":"Strigolactone alleviates the adverse effects of salt stress on seed germination in cucumber by enhancing antioxidant capacity","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhad051","article-title":"Multifaceted regulatory functions of CsBPC2 in cucumber under salt stress conditions","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118433","article-title":"Biogas slurry topdressing as replacement of chemical fertilizers reduces leaf senescence of maize by up-regulating tolerance mechanisms","volume":"344","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-012-0007-9","article-title":"Grafting onto Cucurbita moschata rootstock alleviates salt stress in cucumber plants by delaying photoinhibition","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11030435","article-title":"Osmotic stress or ionic composition: Which affects the early growth of crop species more","volume":"11","author":"Ludwiczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2019.01.002","article-title":"Effect of exogenous melatonin on seed Germination and seedling growth in melon (Cucumis melo L.) under salt stress","volume":"5","author":"Luis Casta\u00f1ares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortic. Plant J."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-022-01125-3","article-title":"Seed osmopriming with Ca2+ and K+ improves salt tolerance in quinoa seeds and seedlings by amplifying antioxidant defense and ameliorating the osmotic adjustment process","volume":"28","author":"Mamedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600082241","article-title":"Salt tolerance of five muskmelon cutivars","volume":"110","author":"Mangal","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325819889809","article-title":"Assessment of cucumber genotypes for salt tolerance based on germination and physiological indices","volume":"17","author":"Marium","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"007","DOI":"10.1590\/2317-1545v37n1135472","article-title":"Physiological changes in osmo and hydroprimed cucumber seeds germinated in biosaline water","volume":"37","author":"Matias","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Seed Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11061143","article-title":"Use of microbial biostimulants to increase the salinity tolerance of vegetable transplants","volume":"11","author":"Miceli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10070967","article-title":"Appraisal of salt tolerance under greenhouse conditions of a cucurbitaceae genetic repository of potential rootstocks and scions","volume":"10","author":"Modarelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-17-2917-2013","article-title":"Tracing groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers: a hydrogeochemical and isotopic approach in the NaCl brackish waters of northwestern Sardinia, Italy","volume":"17","author":"Mongelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x","article-title":"Comparative physiology of salt and water stress","volume":"25","author":"Munns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911","article-title":"Mechanisms of salinity tolerance","volume":"59","author":"Munns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2011.11.005","article-title":"Molecular and physiological dissection of enhanced seed germination using short-term low-concentration salt seed priming in tomato","volume":"52","author":"Nakaune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.48130\/VR-2022-0008","article-title":"Mechanisms of increasing salt resistance of vegetables by grafting","volume":"2","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Veg. Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.02.020","article-title":"A shoot based Na+ tolerance mechanism observed in pumpkin\u2014An important consideration for screening salt tolerant rootstocks","volume":"218","author":"Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/w10080990","article-title":"Spectroscopic determination ofwater salinity in brackish surface water in Nandoni Dam, at Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Nthunya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water (Switzerland)"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20180588","article-title":"Seed priming improves the germination and growth rate of melon seedlings under saline stress","volume":"49","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2009.08.020","article-title":"Effect of brackish water irrigation and straw mulching on soil salinity and crop yields under monsoonal climatic conditions","volume":"97","author":"Pang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.861637","article-title":"Multiple stressors in vegetable production: insights for trait-based crop improvement in cucurbits","volume":"13","author":"Parvathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4238(94)90143-0","article-title":"The effects of osmoconditioning on the germination, emergence and early plant growth of cucumber under saline conditions","volume":"57","author":"Passam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3774(86)90013-2","article-title":"Irrigation with brackish water under desert conditions VII. Effect of time of application of brackish water on production of processing tomatoes (Lycopersion esculentum Mill.)","volume":"12","author":"Pasternak","year":"1986","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ird.70","article-title":"Brackish water subirrigation for vegetables","volume":"52","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Irrig. Drain."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhad157","article-title":"CmoNAC1 in pumpkin rootstocks improves salt tolerance of grafted cucumbers by binding to the promoters of CmoRBOHD1, CmoNCED6, CmoAKT1;2 and CmoHKT1;1 to regulate H2O2, ABA signaling and K+\/Na+homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2022.111509","article-title":"Transcriptomic and functional characterization reveals CsHAK5;3 as a key player in K+ homeostasis in grafted cucumbers under saline conditions","volume":"326","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae057","article-title":"Pumpkin CmoDREB2A enhances salt tolerance of grafted cucumber through interaction with CmoNAC1 to regulate H2O2 and ABA signaling and K+\/Na+ homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"42","article-title":"Use of saline water for irrigation","volume":"38","author":"Rhoades","year":"1984","journal-title":"Calif. Agric."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"133","article-title":"The use of saline waters for crop production. Food and Agriculture Organization Irrigation and Drainage Paper No 48","volume":"133","author":"Rhoades","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food Agric. Organ. Rome"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ird.358","article-title":"Salinity and irrigation method affect crop yield and soil quality in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) growing","volume":"57","author":"Romic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Irrig. Drain."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1981.0011183x002100060033x","article-title":"Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment 1","volume":"21","author":"Rosielle","year":"1981","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-012-0002-1","article-title":"Improving melon and cucumber photosynthetic activity, mineral composition, and growth performance under salinity stress by grafting onto Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks","volume":"50","author":"Rouphael","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2017.09.006","article-title":"Genotypic differences in physiological and biochemical responses to salinity stress in melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants: Prospects for selection of salt tolerant landraces","volume":"119","author":"Sarabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.05.010","article-title":"Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations are responsible in down-regulation of photosynthesis in melon plants grown under the saline condition: Application of carbon isotope discrimination as a reliable proxy","volume":"141","author":"Sarabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24504","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04174-y","article-title":"Triacontanol modulates salt stress tolerance in cucumber by altering the physiological and biochemical status of plant cells","volume":"11","author":"Sarwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1984.0011183x002400060043x","article-title":"Review of data analysis methods for seed germination 1","volume":"24","author":"Scott","year":"1984","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2015.10.003","article-title":"Salt stress sensing and early signalling events in plant roots: Current knowledge and hypothesis","volume":"241","author":"Shabala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI16612-22","article-title":"Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on physiology and yield of eggplant in organic soilless production system","volume":"57","author":"Shaik","year":"2022","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4238(98)00189-7","article-title":"Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity","volume":"78","author":"Shannon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.04.019","article-title":"Strategies for managing saline\/alkali waters for sustainable agricultural production in South Asia","volume":"78","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.06.003","article-title":"Pumpkin rootstock improves the growth and development of watermelon by enhancing uptake and transport of boron and regulating the gene expression","volume":"154","author":"Shireen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.37855\/jah.2022.v24i01.10","article-title":"Grafting as a tool for improved water use efficiency, physio-biochemical attributes of cucumber plants under deficit irrigation","volume":"24","author":"Taha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Hortic."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11060800","article-title":"The effects of salt stress on germination, seedling growth and biochemical responses of Tunisian Squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) germplasm","volume":"11","author":"Tarchoun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae6040066","article-title":"Cucurbita rootstocks improve salt tolerance of melon scions by inducing physiological, biochemical and nutritional responses","volume":"6","author":"Ulas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/01140670809510243","article-title":"Response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) to salinity of irrigation water","volume":"36","author":"\u00dcnl\u00fckara","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Zeal. J. Crop Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"B90","first-page":"210","article-title":"Irrigation guide","year":"1997","journal-title":"Part 652. Natural Resources Conservation Service"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1080\/01904160802715448","article-title":"Effects of rootstocks on some growth parameters, phosphorous and nitrogen uptake watermelon under salt stress","volume":"4167","author":"Uygur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2023.108544","article-title":"Assessment of water quality ions in brackish water on drip irrigation system performance applied in saline areas","volume":"289","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.48130\/VR-2022-0007","article-title":"A CBL4-CIPK6 module confers salt tolerance in cucumber","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Veg. Res."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2018.08.003","article-title":"Effect of different rootstocks on the salt stress tolerance in watermelon seedlings","volume":"4","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hortic. Plant J."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2015.07.013","article-title":"Bottle gourd rootstock-grafting promotes photosynthesis by regulating the stomata and non-stomata performances in leaves of watermelon seedlings under NaCl stress","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B96","first-page":"4199","article-title":"Assessment of salinity tolerance bread wheat genotypes: Using stress tolerance indices","volume":"28","author":"Yassin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ. Bull."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106362","article-title":"Consequences of irrigation and fertigation of vegetable crops with variable quality water: Israel as a case study","volume":"242","author":"Yasuor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-0805-23","article-title":"Plant growth and mineral element content of different gourd species and watermelon under salinity stress","volume":"33","author":"Yeti\u015fir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkish J. Agric. For."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/01904160801895118","article-title":"Effect of foliar salicylic acid applications on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of cucumber grown under salt stress","volume":"31","author":"Yildirim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-015-9480-2","article-title":"Effects of exogenous putrescine on leaf anatomy and carbohydrate metabolism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Under Salt Stress","volume":"34","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01035","article-title":"Proteomic and physiological analyses reveal putrescine responses in roots of cucumber stressed by NaCl","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111283","article-title":"Fresh\/brackish watering at growth period provided a trade-off between lettuce growth and resistance to NaCl-induced damage","volume":"304","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-013-9813-6","article-title":"Physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance","volume":"115","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00566-1","article-title":"Proteomic analysis reveals a role of melatonin in promoting cucumber seed germination under high salinity by regulating energy production","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2010.871.6","article-title":"Effects of rootstock on fruit yield and quality of hydroponically cultivated grafted cucumber under NaCl stress","volume":"871","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8060147","article-title":"Role of silicon in mediating salt tolerance in plants: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plants"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1617809\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:33:31Z","timestamp":1755066811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1617809\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2025.1617809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1617809","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"article-number":"1617809"}}