{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:57:10Z","timestamp":1793041030839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from plants and microorganisms have emerged as promising tools due to their multifunctional roles in plant defense. These small, bioactive molecules, such as thionins, systemins, defensins, cyclotides, hevein-like peptides, and cyclic dipeptides, exhibit broad-spectrum activity against fungal pathogens, bacteria, and insect pests. Recent studies have further elucidated their supportive roles in conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, and heavy metals exposure, thus expanding their potential applications. Previous studies demonstrated that the integration of AMPs genes into transgenic crops has shown significant potential in improving plant resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Importantly, in our recent study, a cyclic dipeptide cyclo(L-Ala-Gly) from <jats:italic>Priestia megaterium<\/jats:italic> BP01R2 enables salinity stress alleviation in plants. The latest finding revealed that cyclo(His-Pro) in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic> navigated carbon flux from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway and its supplementation increased NADPH levels and the NADPH\/NADP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ratio in plants. This review explores the latest advances in the application of plant- and microorganisms-derived AMPs, with a focus on their functional mechanisms and their roles in the development of stress-resilient crops. It also provides an overview of ongoing efforts to harness peptides in sustainable agricultural practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1649512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:36:46Z","timestamp":1761025006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Peptides from plants and microorganisms: a defense strategy for biotic and abiotic stresses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dung Minh","family":"Ha-Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4161\/gmcr.1.5.15091","article-title":"Stable integration and expression of a plant defensin in tomato confers resistance to fusarium wilt","volume":"1","author":"Abdallah","year":"2010","journal-title":"GM Crops"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","article-title":"Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with alphaFold 3","volume":"630","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49045","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054904","article-title":"Characterization of the seed biopriming, plant growth-promoting and salinity-ameliorating potential of halophilic fungi isolated from hypersaline habitats","volume":"24","author":"Aizaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-023-02505-7","article-title":"Phoenix dactylifera in vitro culture and transformation of thio-60 antifungal gene via chitosan nanoparticle","volume":"155","author":"Allah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture (PCTOC)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2011.12.023","article-title":"Genes encoding hevein-like defense peptides in wheat: distribution, evolution, and role in stress response","volume":"94","author":"Andreev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003581","article-title":"The secreted antifungal protein thionin 2.4 in arabidopsis thaliana suppresses the toxicity of a fungal fruit body lectin from fusarium graminearum. Edited by brett tyler","volume":"9","author":"Asano","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-020-00093-5","article-title":"Analysis of structures, functions, and transgenicity of phytopeptides defensin and thionin: A review","volume":"10","author":"Azmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123703","article-title":"Plant antimicrobial peptides (PAMPs): features, applications, production, expression, and challenges","volume":"27","author":"Bakare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710338104","article-title":"Plant cyclotides disrupt epithelial cells in the midgut of lepidopteran larvae","volume":"105","author":"Barbeta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MD00083G","article-title":"Macrocyclization strategies for cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics","volume":"12","author":"Bechtler","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Medicinal Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13955","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10071395","article-title":"High resistance of potato to early blight is achieved by expression of the pro-SmAMP1 gene for hevein-Like antimicrobial peptides from common chickweed (Stellaria media)","volume":"10","author":"Beliaev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40694-018-0048-3","article-title":"Aspergillus Niger is a superior expression host for the production of bioactive fungal cyclodepsipeptides","volume":"5","author":"Boecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106659","article-title":"Development of transgenic Paulownia trees expressing antimicrobial thionin genes for enhanced resistance to fungal infections using chitosan nanoparticles","volume":"191","author":"Bouqellah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. pathog."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1998.484.96","article-title":"Genetic transformation of apple (Malus pumila mill.) for increased fungal resistance: in vitro antifungal activity in protein extracts of transgenic apple expressing rs-afp2 or ace-amp1","volume":"484","author":"Bondt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171902","article-title":"Prosystemin overexpression induces transcriptional modifications of defense-Related and receptor-like kinase genes and reduces the susceptibility to cucumber mosaic virus and its satellite RNAs in transgenic tomato plants. Edited by timothy P devarenne","volume":"12","author":"Bubici","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2022.03.001","article-title":"Structure, dynamics, and function of psDef2 defensin from pinus sylvestris","volume":"30","author":"Bukhteeva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/15226519908500004","article-title":"Growth and heavy metal binding properties of transgenic chlamydomonas expressing a foreign metallothionein gene","volume":"1","author":"Cai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery459","article-title":"The magic \u2018Hammer\u2019 of TOR: the multiple faces of a single pathway in the metabolic regulation of plant growth and development","volume":"70","author":"Caldana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20180213","article-title":"A structural perspective of plant antimicrobial peptides","volume":"475","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.1993.tb00165.x","article-title":"Expression of the A-thionin gene from barley in tobacco confers enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Carmona","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(00)00189-8","article-title":"Transgenic expression of a gene encoding a synthetic antimicrobial peptide results in inhibition of fungal growth in vitro and in planta","volume":"154","author":"Cary","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-013-0836-5","article-title":"A comparative study of antimicrobial properties of cyclo(L-pro- L-asp) with its 2-ketopiperazine analog","volume":"23","author":"Challa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicinal Chem. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1459-3","article-title":"Transgenic tomato plants expressing an arabidopsis thionin (Thi2.1) driven by fruit-Inactive promoter battle against phytopathogenic attack","volume":"221","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223331","article-title":"Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of a hevein-like gene into asparagus leads to stem wilt resistance. Edited by jen-tsung chen","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa529","article-title":"The transcription factor WRKY75 positively regulates jasmonate-Mediated plant defense to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Edited by karl-Josef dietz","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103556","article-title":"Defensins: transcriptional regulation and function beyond antimicrobial activity","volume":"104","author":"Contreras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11105-014-0834-x","article-title":"Prosystemin overexpression in tomato enhances resistance to different biotic stresses by activating genes of multiple signaling pathways","volume":"33","author":"Coppola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8100395","article-title":"Tomato plants treated with systemin peptide show enhanced levels of direct and indirect defense associated with increased expression of defense-related genes","volume":"8","author":"Coppola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/seeds2010008","article-title":"Improvement of seed quality by priming: concept and biological basis","volume":"2","author":"Corbineau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Seeds"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-016-0967-8","article-title":"The expression of the tomato prosystemin in tobacco induces alterations irrespective of its functional domain","volume":"125","author":"Corrado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture (PCTOC)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s13237-020-00307-2","article-title":"Transgenic tobacco expressing medicago sativa defensin (Msdef1) confers resistance to various phyto-Pathogens","volume":"63","author":"Deb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13562-025-00969-6","article-title":"Integrated omics approaches for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants","volume":"34","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0965-1748(92)90093-T","article-title":"Mode of action of delta-Endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis: A comparison with other bacterial toxins","volume":"22","author":"English","year":"1992","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.9.4.509","article-title":"Overexpression of an endogenous thionin enhances resistance of arabidopsis against fusarium oxysporum","volume":"9","author":"Epple","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12979","article-title":"Barley transcriptome analyses upon interaction with different aphid species identify thionins contributing to resistance","volume":"40","author":"Escudero-Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.632008","article-title":"Peptides derived from the \u03b1-core and \u03b3-core regions of a putative silybum marianum flower defensin show antifungal activity against fusarium graminearum","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.15586\/ijfs.v37i1.2829","article-title":"Cyclodipeptides (CDPs), the enzymatic synthesis, and the potential functional properties to exhibit broad varieties of pharmacological properties\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"37","author":"Fizza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ital. J. Food Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05349.x","article-title":"Identification of a cowpea \u03b3-thionin with bactericidal activity","volume":"273","author":"Franco","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2020.153343","article-title":"Growth promotion in arabidopsis thaliana by bacterial cyclodipeptides involves the TOR\/S6K pathway activation","volume":"257","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/124_2024_80","article-title":"Plant hormone crosstalk under abiotic stress conditions. In: L\u00fcttge U, C\u00e1novas FM, Risue\u00f1o Almeida MC, Leuschner C, Pretzsch H (eds) Progress in Botany","volume":"85","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ortega-Villaiz\u00e1n","year":"2024"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00175-0","article-title":"Oldenlandia affinis (R&S) DC: A plant containing uteroactive peptides used in african traditional medicine","volume":"70","author":"Gran","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1038\/82436","article-title":"Fungal pathogen protection in potato by expression of a plant defensin peptide","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac423","article-title":"Dual-function DEFENSIN 8 mediates phloem cadmium unloading and accumulation in rice grains","volume":"191","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01836","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferase enzymes in plant-pathogen interactions","volume":"9","author":"Gullner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-12-19-0447-R","article-title":"Enhanced resistance to fusarium graminearum in transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing a modified plant thionin","volume":"110","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytopathology\u00ae"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01078","article-title":"Overexpression of a modified plant thionin enhances disease resistance to citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB)","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186810","article-title":"Transgenic expression of antimicrobial peptide D2A21 confers resistance to diseases incited by pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci and xanthomonas citri, but not candidatus liberibacter asiaticus","volume":"12","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5830-5_8","article-title":"Breeding for biotic and abiotic stress","volume-title":"Quantitative and ecological aspects of plant breeding","author":"Hill","year":"1998"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08497-7","article-title":"The Arabidopsis Defensin Gene, AtPDF1.1, Mediates Defence against Pectobacterium Carotovorum Subsp. Carotovorum via an Iron-Withholding Defence System","volume":"7","author":"Hsiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2019628118","article-title":"A stable antimicrobial peptide with dual functions of treating and preventing citrus huanglongbing","volume":"118","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycae041","article-title":"A cyclic dipeptide for salinity stress alleviation and the trophic flexibility of endophyte provide insights into saltmarsh plant\u2013microbe interactions","volume":"4","author":"Hung","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME Commun."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.22099\/mbrc.2019.35331.1454","article-title":"Production of transgenic paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) steud. Using chitosan nanoparticles to express antimicrobial genes resistant to bacterial infection","volume":"9","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8214","DOI":"10.1021\/bi034379o","article-title":"Structure of petunia hybrida defensin 1, a novel plant defensin with five disulfide bonds","volume":"42","author":"Janssen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1021\/bi047837h","article-title":"Isolation, solution structure, and insecticidal activity of kalata B2, a circular protein with a twist: do m\u00f6bius strips exist in nature","volume":"44","author":"Jennings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191366898","article-title":"Biosynthesis and insecticidal properties of plant cyclotides: the cyclic knotted proteins from oldenlandia affinis","volume":"98","author":"Jennings","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12246","article-title":"The role of thionins in rice defence against root pathogens","volume":"16","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2024.105866","article-title":"The defensin protein NtCAL1 functions as a positive factor in plant cadmium accumulation and resistance in tobacco","volume":"225","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845936570.0040","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in plants. In: Wang G (ed) Antimicrobial Peptides: Discovery, Design and Novel Therapeutic Strategies","author":"Kaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"CABI"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac475","article-title":"Seeds and heavy metal: defensin-like protein DEF8 mediates cadmium accumulation in rice and phloem unloading","volume":"191","author":"Kazachkova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157167","article-title":"Redox-epigenetic crosstalk in plant stress responses: the roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in modulating chromatin dynamics","volume":"26","author":"Kaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-016-9978-9","article-title":"Expression of apoplast-targeted plant defensin MtDef4.2 confers resistance to leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina but does not affect mycorrhizal symbiosis in transgenic wheat","volume":"26","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3103\/S1068367411040082","article-title":"Expression of genes encoding chitin-binding proteins (PR-4) and hevein-like antimicrobial peptides in transgenic tomato plants enhanced resistanse to phytophthora infestance","volume":"37","author":"Khaliluev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Russian Agric. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf166","article-title":"Modes of Action and Bio-Fungicide Potential of Peptides Derived from the Medicago truncatula Bi-Domain Defensin MtDef5","volume":"22","author":"Kalunke","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcg035","article-title":"C-terminal domain of a hevein-like protein from wasabia japonica has potent antimicrobial activity","volume":"44","author":"Kiba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-4838(97)00148-9","article-title":"Two hevein homologs isolated from the seed of pharbitis nil L. Exhibit potent antifungal activity","volume":"1382","author":"Koo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019864222515","article-title":"Over-expression of a seed-specific hevein-like antimicrobial peptide from Pharbitis nil enhances resistance to a fungal pathogen in transgenic tobacco plants","volume":"50","author":"Koo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155307","article-title":"Plant defensins from a structural perspective","volume":"21","author":"Kovaleva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-011-9484-z","article-title":"Performance and long-term stability of the barley hordothionin gene in multiple transgenic apple lines","volume":"20","author":"Krens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.21638\/spbu03.2020.205","article-title":"The role of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to biotic and abiotic environmental factors","volume":"65","author":"Kulaeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Commun."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05385.x","article-title":"Identification of antimicrobial compound, diketopiperazines, from a bacillus sp. N strain associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode against major plant pathogenic fungi","volume":"113","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00290","article-title":"Overexpression of chickpea defensin gene confers tolerance to water-deficit stress in arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17055","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9121705","article-title":"The versatile roles of sulfur-Containing biomolecules in plant defense\u2014A road to disease resistance","volume":"9","author":"K\u00fcnstler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-014-3520-7","article-title":"Cyclic dipeptides from lactic acid bacteria inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic fungi","volume":"52","author":"Kwak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.102.016626","article-title":"Isolation and properties of floral defensins from ornamental tobacco and petunia","volume":"131","author":"Lay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02340-16","article-title":"Intracellular targeting mechanisms by antimicrobial peptides","volume":"61","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030229","article-title":"Use of defensins to develop eco-Friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control phytopathogenic fungi and their mycotoxins","volume":"8","author":"Leannec-Rialland","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2002.596.21","article-title":"Plant-defensin genes introduction for improvement of pear phytopathogen resistance","volume":"596","author":"Lebedev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erac010","article-title":"Drought stress increases the expression of barley defence genes with negative consequences for infesting cereal aphids. Edited by christine foyer","volume":"73","author":"Leybourne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40529-021-00312-x","article-title":"Plant antimicrobial peptides: structures, functions, and applications","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Botanical Stud."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135007","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress response modulator OsbZIP39 regulates cadmium accumulation via activating the expression of defensin-like gene OsCAL2 in rice","volume":"476","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118095","article-title":"The Sedum plumbizincicola defensin gene, SpPDF, conferred cadmium accumulation via its chelation","volume":"294","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. environ. saf."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11045","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051104","article-title":"The plastidial glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase is critical for abiotic stress response in wheat","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B83","first-page":"667","article-title":"Generation of transgenic rice expressing cyclotide precursor oldenlandia affinis kalata B1 protein","volume":"27","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318817111","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation of protein kinase complex BAK1\/BIK1 mediates arabidopsis innate immunity","volume":"111","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12007","article-title":"Genome-scale identification of plant defensin PDF family genes and molecular characterization of their responses to diverse nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8367","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c01032","article-title":"Plant defensin-dissimilar thionin osThi9 alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice plants and reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grains","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02901739","article-title":"Viola baoshanensis, a plant that hyperaccumulates cadmium","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. Sci Bull."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-008-9756-8","article-title":"Thionin thi2.1 from arabidopsis thaliana expressed in endothelial cells shows antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity","volume":"30","author":"Loeza-\u00c1ngeles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03088-0","article-title":"A defensin-like protein drives cadmium efflux and allocation in rice","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-019-00878-y","article-title":"A non-secreted plant defensin atPDF2.6 conferred cadmium tolerance via its chelation in arabidopsis","volume":"100","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00217","article-title":"Overexpression of a defensin-like gene CAL2 enhances cadmium accumulation in plants","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3588-4_2","article-title":"Membrane permeabilization mechanisms. In: Matsuzaki K (ed) Antimicrobial Peptides","volume":"1117","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.890654","article-title":"Nanoparticles in association with antimicrobial peptides (NanoAMPs) as a promising combination for agriculture development","volume":"9","author":"Maximiano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9799","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.9799","article-title":"Overexpression of the prosystemin gene in transgenic tomato plants generates a systemic signal that constitutively induces proteinase inhibitor synthesis","volume":"91","author":"McGurl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-04-20-0153-R","article-title":"A lipid transfer protein has antifungal and antioxidant activity and suppresses fusarium head blight disease and DON accumulation in transgenic wheat","volume":"111","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.01.008","article-title":"Differential expression and in situ localization of a pepper defensin (CADEF1) gene in response to pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and environmental stresses in capsicum annuum","volume":"166","author":"Mee Do","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-014-1093-5","article-title":"Transcript abundance of resistance- and susceptibility-Related genes in a barley breeding pedigree with partial resistance to the bird cherry-Oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.)","volume":"198","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaf174","article-title":"Characterization of the cyclic dipeptide cyclo(His-pro) in arabidopsis","volume":"198","author":"Minen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.29252\/ijb.1562","article-title":"Multi-Function plant defensin, antimicrobial and heavy metal adsorbent peptide","volume":"17","author":"Mirakhorli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02788.x","article-title":"A putative novel role for plant defensins: A defensin from the zinc hyper-accumulating plant, arabidopsis halleri, confers zinc tolerance","volume":"47","author":"Mirouze","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101796","article-title":"Cyclodipeptides: an overview of their biosynthesis and biological activity","volume":"22","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4715","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14030471","article-title":"Interpopulational variation in cyclotide production in heavy-Metal-Treated pseudometallophyte (Viola tricolor L.)","volume":"14","author":"Miszczak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-023-00194-w","article-title":"Antifungal activity of three different varieties of capsicum annuum against clinical isolates of candida species","volume":"9","author":"Moghadam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Diseases Travel Med. Vaccines"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.887674","article-title":"Not only systemin: prosystemin harbors other active regions able to protect tomato plants","volume":"13","author":"Molisso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11010124","article-title":"Tomato prosystemin is much more than a simple systemin precursor","volume":"11","author":"Molisso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201800206","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis study of systemin peptides spreading in tomato plant","volume":"40","author":"Mucha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29250-3","article-title":"Novel insights into plant defensin ingestion induced metabolic responses in the polyphagous insect pest helicoverpa armigera","volume":"13","author":"Mulla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-011-1217-5","article-title":"Transgenic sweet potato expressing thionin from barley gives resistance to black rot disease caused by ceratocystis fimbriata in leaves and storage roots","volume":"31","author":"Muramoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239958","article-title":"Expression of a gene for an MLX56 defense protein derived from mulberry latex confers strong resistance against a broad range of insect pests on transgenic tomato lines. Edited by yonggen lou","volume":"16","author":"Murata","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-022-02431-0","article-title":"Over-Expression of trigonella foenum-Graecum defensin (Tfgd2) and raphanus sativus antifungal protein (RsAFP2) in transgenic pigeonpea confers resistance to the helicoverpa armigera","volume":"152","author":"Nalluri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture (PCTOC)"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-013-0280-4","article-title":"Plant antimicrobial peptides","volume":"59","author":"Nawrot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Folia Microbiologica"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-022-10811-1","article-title":"Chickpea defensin gene family: promising candidates for resistance against soil-Borne chickpea fungal pathogens","volume":"42","author":"Nitnavare","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.5423\/PPJ.OA.11.2016.0255","article-title":"Cyclic dipeptides from bacillus vallismortis BS07 require key components of plant immunity to induce disease resistance in arabidopsis against pseudomonas infection","volume":"33","author":"Noh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Pathol J."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-005-0102-5","article-title":"Expression of the antimicrobial peptides in plants to control phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi","volume":"25","author":"Oard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02291.x","article-title":"Characterization of antimicrobial peptides against a US strain of the rice pathogen rhizoctonia solani","volume":"97","author":"Oard","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79125","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217912","article-title":"Hevein-Like antimicrobial peptides wamps: structure\u2013Function relationship in antifungal activity and sensitization of plant pathogenic fungi to tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived peptides","volume":"21","author":"Odintsova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.18699\/VJ18.409","article-title":"Plant thionins: structure, biological functions and potential use in biotechnology","volume":"22","author":"Odintsova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vavilov J. Genet. Breed."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07135.x","article-title":"A novel antifungal hevein-type peptide from triticum kiharae seeds with a unique 10-cysteine motif","volume":"276","author":"Odintsova","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00645","article-title":"Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), a cyclotide-bearing plant with applications in agriculture and medicine","volume":"10","author":"Oguis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10020156","article-title":"Recent advancements in mitigating abiotic stresses in crops","volume":"10","author":"Oyebamiji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hortic."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2016.06.010","article-title":"Acclimation improves salt stress tolerance in zea mays plants","volume":"201","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197797","article-title":"Hevein: an antifungal protein from rubber-Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) latex","volume":"183","author":"Parijs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.01227","article-title":"Improving the digestibility of plant defensins to meet regulatory requirements for transgene products in crop protection","volume":"11","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2018.02.004","article-title":"The evolution, function and mechanisms of action for plant defensins","volume":"88","author":"Parisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.01023","article-title":"Diketopiperazine, cyclo-(L-pro-L-ile), derived from bacillus thuringiensis JCK-1233 controls pine wilt disease by elicitation of moderate hypersensitive reaction","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016005231852","article-title":"Characterization of a stamen-specific CDNA encoding a novel plant defensin in chinese cabbage","volume":"50","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2022.111321","article-title":"Tomato systemin induces resistance against Plectosphaerella cucumerina in Arabidopsis through the induction of phenolic compounds and priming of tryptophan derivatives","volume":"321","author":"Pastor-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30044","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304159200","article-title":"Systemic signaling in tomato plants for defense against herbivores","volume":"278","author":"Pearce","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17777","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M701543200","article-title":"Three hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides derived from a single petunia polyprotein precursor activate defensin I, a pathogen defense response gene","volume":"282","author":"Pearce","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1126\/science.253.5022.895","article-title":"A polypeptide from tomato leaves induces wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor proteins","volume":"253","author":"Pearce","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcw256","article-title":"Transcriptomic and histological responses of african rice (Oryza glaberrima) to meloidogyne graminicola provide new insights into root-Knot nematode resistance in monocots","volume":"119","author":"Petitot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5237","DOI":"10.1021\/jf800302f","article-title":"Backbone cyclised peptides from plants show molluscicidal activity against the rice pest pomacea canaliculata (Golden apple snail)","volume":"56","author":"Plan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx422","article-title":"Co-Expression of a cyclizing asparaginyl endopeptidase enables efficient production of cyclic peptides in planta","volume":"69","author":"Poon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-025-03507-9","article-title":"Cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase regulates plant stem cell maintenance under oxidative stress","volume":"44","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-020-03505-z","article-title":"Production of a structurally validated cyclotide in rice suspension cells is enabled by a supporting biosynthetic enzyme","volume":"252","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s41348-017-0103-y","article-title":"Isolation and expression analysis of defensin gene and its promoter from brassica juncea","volume":"124","author":"Rawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Plant Dis. Prot."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-023-01037-6","article-title":"Tobacco plants expressing the defensin naD1 enhance drought tolerance characteristics in transgenic lines","volume":"101","author":"Royan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08021-9","article-title":"Expression of radish defensin (RsAFP2) gene in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) confers resistance to fusarium wilt disease","volume":"50","author":"Sadhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00013a002","article-title":"Elucidation of the primary and three-Dimensional structure of the uterotonic polypeptide kalata B1","volume":"34","author":"Saether","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082485","article-title":"Structural and functional studies of a phosphatidic acid-Binding antifungal plant defensin mtDef4: identification of an RGFRRR motif governing fungal cell entry","volume":"8","author":"Sagaram","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-017-2425-6","article-title":"Induction of two cyclotide-like genes zmcyc1 and zmcyc5 by abiotic and biotic stresses in zea mays","volume":"39","author":"Salehi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-015-0366-3","article-title":"Assessment of a diketopiperazine, cyclo(Trp-phe) from streptomyces griseoplanus SAI-25 against cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: noctuidae)","volume":"51","author":"Sathya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Entomology Zoology"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2019.03.021","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of the antifungal activity of the cowpea defensin cp-thionin II","volume":"82","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19465","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091946","article-title":"Combined abiotic stresses repress defense and cell wall metabolic genes and render plants more susceptible to pathogen infection","volume":"10","author":"Sewelam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-021-03788-w","article-title":"Seed-derived defensins from scots pine: structural and functional features","volume":"254","author":"Shalovylo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s42161-020-00591-6","article-title":"An in vitro generated variant of tephrosia villosa defensin (\u03b1-TvD1) enhances biotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco","volume":"102","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.160887","article-title":"TOR signaling in plants: conservation and innovation","volume":"145","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3103\/S1068367410040117","article-title":"Increase of resistance of arabidopsis thaliana plants to phytopathogenic fungi expressing hevein-like peptides from weed plant stellaria media","volume":"36","author":"Shukurov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Russian Agric. Sci."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-011-9534-6","article-title":"Transformation of tobacco and arabidopsis plants with stellaria media genes encoding novel hevein-like peptides increases their resistance to fungal pathogens","volume":"21","author":"Shukurov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2019.1707944","article-title":"Abiotic stresses and non-protein amino acids in plants","volume":"38","author":"Silva Rodrigues-Corr\u00eaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.105.034678","article-title":"A continent of plant defense peptide diversity: cyclotides in Australian hybanthus (Violaceae)","volume":"17","author":"Simonsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s13562-019-00508-0","article-title":"Study of agrobacterium-Mediated co-Transformation of tea for blister blight disease resistance","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13015","article-title":"Novel mode of action of plant defense peptides \u2013 hevein-like antimicrobial peptides from wheat inhibit fungal metalloproteases","volume":"281","author":"Slavokhotova","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297917130065","article-title":"Hevein-like Antimicrobial Peptides of Plants","volume":"82","author":"Slavokhotova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Mosc."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-020-02569-1","article-title":"The life cycle of cyclotides: biosynthesis and turnover in plant cells","volume":"39","author":"Slazak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010483","article-title":"The \u03b3-core motif peptides of plant AMPs as novel antimicrobials for medicine and agriculture","volume":"24","author":"Slezina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158383","article-title":"The \u03b3-core motif peptides of AMPs from grasses display inhibitory activity against human and plant pathogens","volume":"23","author":"Slezina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2022.153738","article-title":"Bacterial cyclodipeptides elicit arabidopsis thaliana immune responses reducing the pathogenic effects of pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strains on plant development","volume":"275","author":"Solis-Ortiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01655","article-title":"The evolutionary conserved \u03b3-core motif influences the anti-candida activity of the penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF","volume":"9","author":"Sonderegger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14155-9","article-title":"Seed defense biopriming with bacterial cyclodipeptides triggers immunity in cucumber and pepper","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00562","article-title":"Field resistance to phakopsora pachyrhizi and colletotrichum truncatum of transgenic soybean expressing the nmDef02 plant defensin gene","volume":"11","author":"Soto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.2004.00187.x","article-title":"Proposal for molecular mechanism of thionins deduced from physico-chemical studies of plant toxins","volume":"64","author":"Stec","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pept. Res."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5574-5","article-title":"Plant Thionins \u2013 the Structural Perspective","volume":"63","author":"Stec","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4322","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.9.4322-4327.2002","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum miLAB 393 produces the antifungal cyclic dipeptides cyclo(l-phe-l-pro) and cyclo(l-phe-trans-4-OH-l-pro) and 3-phenyllactic acid","volume":"68","author":"Str\u00f6m","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6475","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020647","article-title":"Ecotopic expression of the antimicrobial peptide dmAMP1W improves resistance of transgenic wheat to two diseases: sharp eyespot and common root rot","volume":"21","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6470","article-title":"Biocontrol of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita by a nematicidal bacterium pseudomonas simiae MB751 with cyclic dipeptide","volume":"77","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manage. Sci"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s13313-021-00821-0","article-title":"Overexpression of panax ginseng defensin enhances resistance to fusarium solani in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"50","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-008-0596-8","article-title":"Transgenic tobacco and peanut plants expressing a mustard defensin show resistance to fungal pathogens","volume":"27","author":"Swathi Anuradha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.766","article-title":"Acute metaldehyde poisoning from ingestion: clinical features and implications for early treatment","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acute Med. Surg"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1139539","article-title":"Application of antimicrobial peptides in plant protection: making use of the overlooked merits","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5048","DOI":"10.1039\/D1OB00608H","article-title":"Asparaginyl endopeptidases: enzymology, applications and limitations","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2016.07.005","article-title":"Two novel antimicrobial defensins from rice identified by gene coexpression network analyses","volume":"84","author":"Tantong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0626-6","article-title":"Thionin-like peptide from capsicum annuum fruits: mechanism of action and synergism with fluconazole against candida species","volume":"16","author":"Taveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06988-5","article-title":"Production of transgenic allium cepa by nanoparticles to resist aspergillus Niger infection","volume":"49","author":"Tawfik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058992","article-title":"Spatio-temporal expression patterns of arabidopsis thaliana and medicago truncatula defensin-like genes. Edited by cynthia gibas","volume":"8","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13336","article-title":"Plant defensin mtDef4-derived antifungal peptide with multiple modes of action and potential as a bio-inspired fungicide","volume":"24","author":"Tetorya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215321","article-title":"Heat shock proteins: dynamic biomolecules to counter plant biotic and abiotic stresses","volume":"20","author":"ul Haq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-018-9880-1","article-title":"Endophytic bacteria in plant salt stress tolerance: current and future prospects","volume":"38","author":"Vaishnav","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12375","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00402","article-title":"Cyclotides: from structure to function","volume":"119","author":"Veer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1134\/S1022795416080147","article-title":"Expression of plant antimicrobial peptide pro-smAMP2 gene increases resistance of transgenic potato plants to alternaria and fusarium pathogens","volume":"52","author":"Vetchinkina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Russian J. Genet."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04670-5","article-title":"Overexpression of the zmDEF1 gene increases the resistance to weevil larvae in transgenic maize seeds","volume":"46","author":"Vi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1999.12.5.410","article-title":"Constitutive expression of pea defense gene DRR206 confers resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) disease in transgenic canola (Brassica napus)","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions\u00ae"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.32615\/bp.2019.123","article-title":"A Methyl Jasmonate Induced Defensin like Protein from Panax Notoginseng Confers Resistance against Fusarium Solani in Transgenic Tobacco","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Plantarum"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2023.112738","article-title":"The phytocytokine systemin enhances postharvest tomato fruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea","volume":"210","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.01.011","article-title":"Gene expression analysis, subcellular localization, and in planta antimicrobial activity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) defensin 7 and 8","volume":"124","author":"Weerawanich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51762-0","article-title":"Characterization, expression profiling, and functional analysis of a populus trichocarpa defensin gene and its potential as an anti-Agrobacterium rooting medium additive","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01639","article-title":"Ginkgotides: proline-rich hevein-like peptides from gymnosperm ginkgo biloba","volume":"7","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12381","article-title":"Induction of systemic disease resistance in nicotiana benthamiana by the cyclodipeptides cyclo (L-pro-l-pro) and cyclo (D-pro-d-pro)","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910455","article-title":"PDF1.5 enhances adaptation to low nitrogen levels and cadmium stress","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073447","article-title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of thionin family in rice (Oryza sativa) and functional characterization of osTHION15 in drought stress and ABA stress","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7466","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.12.7466\u20137473.2004","article-title":"Cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl) produced by achromobacter xylosoxidans inhibits aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus","volume":"70","author":"Yan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2015.01.017","article-title":"Transcriptomic screening for cyclotides and other cysteine-rich proteins in the metallophyte viola baoshanensis","volume":"178","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2008.11.005","article-title":"Identification of two suites of cyclotide precursor genes from metallophyte viola baoshanensis: CDNA sequence variation, alternative RNA splicing and potential cyclotide diversity","volume":"431","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01102","article-title":"Perillaldehyde controls postharvest black rot caused by ceratocystis fimbriata in sweet potatoes","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14858","article-title":"Expression of tomato prosystemin gene in arabidopsis reveals systemic translocation of its MRNA and confers necrotrophic fungal resistance","volume":"217","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16495","article-title":"Systemin-mediated long-distance systemic defense responses","volume":"226","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s13562-022-00815-z","article-title":"A nuclear-located glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase affects salt stress response processes in arabidopsis thaliana as a senescence component","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1543","article-title":"A hevein-like protein and a class I chitinase with antifungal activity from leaves of the paper mulberry","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pep2.24202","article-title":"Cyclic dipeptides: biological activities and self-assembled materials","volume":"113","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pept. Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1649512\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:36:48Z","timestamp":1761025008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1649512\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":199,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2025.1649512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1649512","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"article-number":"1649512"}}