{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T10:09:05Z","timestamp":1788602945630,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continuous cropping (CC) poses significant challenges to the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinally important plant with annual market demand of around 20 million kg. Previous studies have explored chemical mitigation methods, but concerns persist regarding environmental pollution and safety issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we evaluated three strains of the fungus <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. brevicompactum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. viridescens<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>T. velutinum<\/jats:italic>) as ecofriendly alternatives for CC obstacle mitigation in <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic> cultivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic> treatments significantly enhanced the relative abundance of beneficial soil bacteria (Actinobacteria 9.25%\u201316.88%; Chloroflexi 6.41%\u201316.73%; Gemmatimonadetes 1.21%\u20133.16%), while decreasing the abundance of pathogenic <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> by 12.67%\u201331.75%. Soil analysis revealed substantial improvements in total organic carbon (47.35%\u201365.88%), nitrate nitrogen (91.38%\u2013318.89%), available potassium (4.29%\u201317.16%), and available phosphorus (1.85%\u201311.86%) following <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic> treatment. <jats:italic>T. brevicompactum<\/jats:italic> demonstrated superior performance among the three tested strains, increasing the individual plant fresh weight by 17.79% and the survival rate by 13.33%. This treatment also significantly elevated (p &amp;lt; 0.05) the content of key bioactive compounds in <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic> root: tanshinone IIA (51.16% increase), cryptotanshinone (56.76%), tanshinone I (50.00%), and salvianolic acid B (18.43%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trichoderma can effectively alleviate <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic> CC obstacles by improving the soil nutrient status and modulating the soil microbial community, thereby enhancing plant growth and stress resistance. This study provides a promising ecofriendly strategy for sustainable cultivation of <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic> and other medicinal plants facing similar challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1654385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T05:38:00Z","timestamp":1756877880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of addition of Trichoderma spp. on growth and soil microorganisms of continuously cropped Salvia miltiorrhiza"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yincun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenggang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081242","article-title":"Soil microbial diversity and community composition in rice\u2013fish co-culture and rice monoculture farming system","volume":"11","author":"Arunrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Soil Agrochemical Analysis (3rd)","author":"Bao","year":"2000"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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