{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:50:44Z","timestamp":1783673444367,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Escalating drought in the Lancang River dry\u2013hot valley demands trait-based rules for selecting planting material that can both persist through prolonged water deficits and rebound after rainfall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a controlled drought\u2013rewatering experiment on ten native species (seven shrubs; three herbs) across a graded soil-water regime and quantified twenty-five functional traits spanning morphology, photosynthesis and photochemistry, biochemistry, hydraulics, and nutrient use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Shrubs generally adopted a conservative strategy, exhibiting more negative xylem pressure at 50% loss of conductivity (P50), wider hydraulic safety margins, and faster recovery of PSII efficiency (Fv\/Fm) after rewatering; herbs were more acquisitive, with higher specific leaf area and instantaneous water-use efficiency but reduced hydraulic safety. Trait-network analyses revealed hydraulic variables (P50, specific hydraulic conductivity, and turgor loss point) as central nodes tightly covarying with photosynthetic capacity and antioxidative activity, linking plant water status, carbon gain, and stress metabolism. Under severe drought, rising percent loss of conductivity and increased non-photochemical quenching delineated failure domains in which hydraulic disconnection and photoprotective energy dissipation jointly constrained function. Rewatering improved leaf water status and photochemistry but recovery trajectories were species-specific and retained legacy effects consistent with safety\u2013efficiency trade-offs. Multivariate ordination and integrated scoring separated species into tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive types, with the composite ranking highlighting\n                      <jats:italic>Rumex hastatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Caryopteris forrestii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Sophora davidii<\/jats:italic>\n                      as priority candidates that couple high hydraulic safety with resilient photosynthetic recovery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion\/Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings show that drought performance in this extreme environment emerges from hydraulic\u2013physiological coordination balancing safety, efficiency, and resilience. Practically, they support a minimal diagnostic panel for rapid screening\u2014P50, turgor loss point, hydraulic safety margin, and post-rewatering Fv\/Fm recovery\u2014supplemented by acquisitive leaf traits to resolve strategy space, providing transferable criteria for restoration in drylands facing intensifying hydroclimatic variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1715687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:27:30Z","timestamp":1765780050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hydraulic\u2013physiological coordination predicts drought recovery: evidence from ten dry\u2013hot valley species"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yunchen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yandong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinnan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12907","article-title":"Within-species trait variation and the leaf economics spectrum: Scale dependence and environmental context","volume":"21","author":"Anderegg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01740.x","article-title":"The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: A global meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bartlett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14536","article-title":"Soil\u2013plant hydraulics explain stomatal efficiency\u2013safety tradeoff","volume":"46","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15157","article-title":"Soil rather than xylem vulnerability determines stomatal behavior during drying","volume":"26","author":"Carminati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11688","article-title":"Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought","volume":"491","author":"Choat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1071\/BT02124","article-title":"A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide","volume":"51","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust. J. Bot."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-022-01495-0","article-title":"The interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photosynthetic and growth parameters of tropical dry forest trees","volume":"34","author":"de Sousa Leite","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"355","article-title":"Minimum leaf conductance during drought","volume":"203","author":"Duursma","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/44508","article-title":"Allometric scaling of production and life-history variation in vascular plants","volume":"401","author":"Enquist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erad041","article-title":"Leaf venation and mesophyll structure coordinate to regulate Kleaf under varying irradiance","volume":"74","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12935","article-title":"Coordinated decline in photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance under drought stress in woody plants","volume":"31","author":"Gleason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/2016MS000826","article-title":"Optimisation-based coordination of photosynthesis and hydraulics in land surface models","volume":"9","author":"Haverd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcf078","article-title":"Avoiding bias in calculation of relative growth rate","volume":"90","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2008.09.0538","article-title":"Photosynthetic responses of Bermudagrass to drought stress associated with stomatal and metabolic limitations","volume":"49","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.70036","article-title":"Hydraulic traits are coordinated but decoupled from carbon assimilation across species","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcf222","article-title":"A modern tool for classical plant growth analysis","volume":"90","author":"Hunt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19585","article-title":"Leaf hydraulic trait gradients in living tomato tissues measured via new approaches","volume":"235","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-022-01244-5","article-title":"Towards a unified theory of plant photosynthesis and hydraulics using trait-based optimality","volume":"8","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2009.01537.x","article-title":"A multi-trait test of the leaf-height-seed plant strategy scheme with functional traits and decomposition rates","volume":"24","author":"Laughlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-03304-y","article-title":"Coordination of leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economic traits in tomato seedlings\u2019 acclimation to long-term drought","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2023.107329","article-title":"Soil microbial diversity and network complexity sustain ecosystem multifunctionality following afforestation in a dry-hot valley savanna","volume":"231","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w17060775","article-title":"Investigating groundwater\u2013surface water interactions and transformations in a typical dry\u2013hot valley through environmental isotope analysis","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12121812","article-title":"Drought resistance index screening and evaluation in lettuce: A comprehensive approach","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01259","article-title":"Global gene expression analysis reveals crosstalk between response mechanisms to cold and drought stresses in cassava seedlings","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6617","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru330","article-title":"Leaf hydraulic conductance declines in coordination with photosynthesis in aging leaves","volume":"65","author":"Lockhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.725995","article-title":"Leaf water storage and robustness to intermittent drought: A spatially explicit capacitive model for leaf hydraulics","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1201966","article-title":"Drip fertilization improves water and nitrogen use efficiency by optimizing root and shoot traits of winter wheat","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0696","article-title":"Adaptive variation in the vulnerability of woody plants to xylem cavitation","volume":"85","author":"Maherali","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.06.003","article-title":"The interdependence of mechanisms underlying climate-driven vegetation mortality","volume":"26","author":"McDowell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpy001","article-title":"Theory and tests for coordination among hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in woody species","volume":"39","author":"Mencuccini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1999.00278.x","article-title":"Interspecific variation in relative growth rate and its components: Exploring underlying physiological causes","volume":"13","author":"Meziane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12120","article-title":"Two alternatives to the stress-gradient hypothesis at the edge of life: The collapse of facilitation and the switch from facilitation to competition","volume":"25","author":"Michalet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15066","article-title":"Hydraulic plasticity and water-use regulation act to maintain the hydraulic safety margins of Mediterranean trees under rainfall exclusion","volume":"47","author":"Moreno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803989115","article-title":"Partitioning leaf mass into photosynthetic and structural support components explains divergent trait relationships","volume":"115","author":"Osnas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00584","article-title":"The effect of irradiance on carbon balance and tissue characteristics in shade-tolerant vs. intolerant species","volume":"5","author":"Pons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inherent variation in plant growth: Physiological mechanisms and ecological consequences","volume-title":"Inherent Variation in Plant Growth Rate and Its Components","author":"Poorter","year":"1992"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"81","article-title":"Ecological significance of inherent variation in relative growth rate and its components","volume-title":"Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology","author":"Poorter","year":"1999"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03952.x","article-title":"Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: Meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control","volume":"193","author":"Poorter","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317209","article-title":"Leaf area ratio and leaf mass fraction related to relative growth rate in herbaceous species","volume":"83","author":"Poorter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1086\/655213","article-title":"Partitioning the components of relative growth rate to assess importance of plant size variation","volume":"176","author":"Rees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13717-024-00486-9","article-title":"Extreme drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits in upper treeline of the Mediterranean Andes","volume":"13","author":"Santini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Process."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14415","article-title":"The dynamic multi-functionality of leaf water transport outside the xylem: New insights from pasture grasses","volume":"45","author":"Scoffoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17351","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships between drought-related hydraulic traits across diverse plant taxa","volume":"231","author":"Skelton","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14652","article-title":"Gas exchange recovery following natural drought is rapid unless limited by loss of leaf hydraulic conductance","volume":"214","author":"Skelton","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503376112","article-title":"Predicting plant vulnerability to drought in biodiverse ecosystems: Linking vulnerability curves and stomatal behaviour","volume":"112","author":"Skelton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B46","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Solomon","year":"2007"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13354","article-title":"What plant hydraulics can tell us about\u00a0responses to climate-change droughts","volume":"207","author":"Sperry","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2025.108775","article-title":"Integrated soil water content and stable isotopes reveal contrasting soil water driving forces between seasons in hot-dry valleys","volume":"250","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2010.09.002","article-title":"Photoprotection in plants: A new light on photosystem II damage","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.134874","article-title":"How does cyclic electron flow alleviate photoinhibition in Arabidopsis","volume":"149","author":"Takahashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14070834","article-title":"Characteristics, relationships, and anatomical basis of leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits in temperate desert shrub species","volume":"14","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcu109","article-title":"Relative growth rate variation of evergreen and deciduous woody species across altitudinal gradients","volume":"114","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19463","article-title":"Plant hydraulics at the heart of plant, crops and ecosystem functioning: A global synthesis","volume":"234","author":"Torres-Ruiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery214","article-title":"Leaf hydraulic vulnerability triggers the decline in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis during drought","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14142191","article-title":"Screening and comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance in cotton using multi-index fuzzy membership function","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp200","article-title":"Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop growth","volume":"60","author":"Whitmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.1999.00427.x","article-title":"Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies","volume":"143","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0028-646X.2001.00211.x","article-title":"Strategic elements of leaf trait relationships across species","volume":"152","author":"Wright","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02403","article-title":"The worldwide leaf economics spectrum","volume":"428","author":"Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17656","article-title":"Coordination of plant hydraulic and photosynthetic traits: Confronting optimality theory with field measurements","volume":"229","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200456","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0456","article-title":"Leaf hydraulic safety margin and safety-efficiency trade-off across angiosperm woody species","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos14050779","article-title":"Drought vulnerability assessment of winter wheat using an improved entropy\u2013comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method: A case study of Henan Province, China","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2023.104953","article-title":"Desertification-induced changes in soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure in a dry-hot valley forest","volume":"189","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.02075","article-title":"Divergent hydraulic safety strategies in three Anacardiaceae tree species in a Chinese savanna","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-019-0905-0","article-title":"Large hydraulic safety margins protect Neotropical canopy rainforest tree species against hydraulic failure during drought","volume":"76","author":"Ziegler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1715687\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:27:34Z","timestamp":1765780054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1715687\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2025.1715687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1715687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"article-number":"1715687"}}