{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:55:51Z","timestamp":1772092551147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute and chronic gamma irradiations (ACGIs) has facilitated generation of new varieties that can withstand abiotic and biotic stresses.  This study examined the impact of ACGI doses on the regenerative ability of in vitro embryogenic tissues into complete plants. Tissues from nine genotypes (Alado, NASE 13, NASE 19, NAROCASS 1, CV_193, CV_98\/0505, CV_60444, BAO, and reference Ubi Putih) were subjected to acute gamma irradiation (AGI) across six dose levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35 Gy). Five genotypes (Ubi Putih, CV_60444, Alado, NASE 13, NAROCASS 1) were exposed to chronic gamma irradiation (CGI) for one to four weeks. Ten explants per genotype per dose were evaluated. Mean shoot length was used to calculate the growth reduction dose (GR50), and cell structure changes were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Exposure of tissues to AGI and CGI enhanced shoots, roots, leaf regeneration as well as shoot length at dose rates of 5-20 Gy (AGI) and 46 Gy (CGI) at twoweeks. The calculated GR50 varied across genotypes and irradiation types. Histological analysis confirmed that distinct structural changes in cell and tissue morphology were linked to irradiation exposure. These results demonstrate that ACGIs can induce accelerated regeneration and structural variation in embryogenic cassava tissues, revealing the potential to develop novel varieties with improved stress resilience. The study underscores ACGIs as a viable biotechnological tool in mutation breeding and genetic improvement of root crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1726057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:55:50Z","timestamp":1772088950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiations on regeneration of tissue types from selected Ugandan cassava genotypes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hellen B.","family":"Apio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University","place":["Kampala, Uganda"]},{"name":"National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI)","place":["Kampala, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ogwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Vocational Education, Faculty of Education, Lira University","place":["Lira, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norazlina","family":"Noordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency","place":["Bangi, Kajang Selangor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wasswa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University","place":["Kampala, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac Kofi","family":"Bimpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Joint Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)\/ International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Titus","family":"Alicai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI)","place":["Kampala, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Settumba B.","family":"Mukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University","place":["Kampala, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Odipio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI)","place":["Kampala, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2014.14364","article-title":"Production of friable embryogenic callus and regeneration of Ugandan farmer-preferred cassava genotypes","volume":"14","author":"Apio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2021.17361","article-title":"Efficient conditions for in vitro establishment and regeneration of disease-free Ugandan farmer-preferred cassava genotypes","volume":"20","author":"Apio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1414128","article-title":"Effect of gamma irradiation on proliferation and growth of friable embryogenic callus and in vitro nodal cuttings of Ugandan cassava genotypes","volume":"15","author":"Apio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-00292-x","article-title":"Deciphering cell\u2013cell interactions and communication from gene expression","volume":"22","author":"Armingol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4314\/acsj.v29i3.3","article-title":"Effects of gamma irradiation and ethyl methane sulphonate on morphometric traits and prevalence of common viral diseases and whiteflies in cassava","volume":"29","author":"Baguma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afri. Crop Sci. J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.131474.111","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of mutations in mutant lineages selected following fast-neutron irradiation mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"22","author":"Belfield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.028076","article-title":"Photosynthesis and state transitions in mitochondrial mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii affected in respiration","volume":"133","author":"Cardol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-015-2555-4","article-title":"Conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection and inbreeding in clonally propagated crops: a case study for cassava","volume":"128","author":"Ceballos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22087","article-title":"Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis","volume":"58","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8110467","article-title":"Mutagenesis approaches and their role in crop improvement","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00824-x","article-title":"New insights into the epitranscriptomic control of pluripotent stem cell fate","volume":"54","author":"Che","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10030439","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on the cell biology and physiology of rice plants","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9489-0_6","article-title":"Radiosensitivity","volume-title":"Induced Mutation Breeding","author":"Datta","year":"2023"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Cassava as an Important Staple Food and Its Application in the Food Industry","volume-title":"A Review","author":"Fu","year":"2021"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1266\/jjg.33.389","article-title":"Radiosensitivity in plants I. Determination of LD-50 in cultivated plants (Preliminary report)","volume":"33","author":"Fujii","year":"1958","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Genet."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.048.020","article-title":"Mesurement of cesium-137 and cobalt-60 gamma radiation with a pressure ionization chamber","volume":"48","author":"Grove","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00336","article-title":"Genetic consequences of acute\/chronic gamma and carbon ion irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"11","author":"Hase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-GMB-2017-0189","article-title":"Comparison of radiosensitivity response to acute and chronic gamma irradiation in colored wheat","volume":"41","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.40.110405.090431","article-title":"Cell cycle regulation in plant development","volume":"40","author":"Inz\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1139\/a11-021","article-title":"Effect of gamma radiation on morphological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of plants and plant products","volume":"20","author":"Jan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"B21","article-title":"The Editors of Encyclopaedia. \u201ccell cycle\u201d","volume-title":"Encyclopedia britannica","year":"2023"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1270\/jsbbs.16005","article-title":"Eleven years of breeding efforts to combat cassava brown streak disease","volume":"66","author":"Kawuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breed. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780640853.0123","article-title":"Effects of radiation on living cells and plants","volume-title":"Plant mutation breeding and biotechnology","author":"Lagoda","year":"2012"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3954-2_1","article-title":"An Introduction to Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture: Current Status and Perspectives","volume-title":"Plant Cell Culture Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"Loyola-Vargas","year":"2024"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20180038","article-title":"Understanding biochemistry: structure and function of nucleic acids","volume":"63","author":"Minchin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Essays. Biochem."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x","article-title":"A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures","volume":"15","author":"Murashige","year":"1962","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-017-9997-6","article-title":"Local varieties of cassava: conservation, cultivation and use in Uganda","volume":"20","author":"Nakabonge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01765","article-title":"Cell cycle regulation in the plant response to stress","volume":"10","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100628","article-title":"Comparison of the medical uses and cellular effects of high and low linear energy transfer radiation","volume":"10","author":"Russ","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12348","article-title":"Genome-wide survey of artificial mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate and gamma rays in tomato","volume":"14","author":"Shirasawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13030724","article-title":"The impact of auxin and cytokinin on the growth and development of selected crops","volume":"13","author":"Sosnowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Manual on mutation breeding (No. Ed. 3)","author":"Spencer-Lopes","year":"2018"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032404","article-title":"How do plants cope with DNA damage? A concise review on the DDR pathway in plants","volume":"24","author":"Szurman-Zubrzycka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0696-726","article-title":"Development of friable embryogenic callus and embryogenic suspension culture systems in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19989","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiration is essential for photosynthesis-dependent ATP supply of the plant cytosol","volume":"243","author":"Vera-Vives","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"52","article-title":"Cassava mutation breeding: current status and trends","volume":"3","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Mutation Reports"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1726057\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:55:52Z","timestamp":1772088952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1726057\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2025.1726057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2025.1726057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"article-number":"1726057"}}