{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T19:34:48Z","timestamp":1770233688419,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coal gangue dumps may still pose a risk of spontaneous combustion even after reclamation, threatening both ecological restoration and surrounding environments. As a dynamic and complex process, vegetation responses to spontaneous combustion heat stress vary across growth stages. Therefore, identifying growth-stage-dependent spectral responses of physiological indicators is critical for the timely and accurate detection of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue dumps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In contrast to field-based investigations, this study selected alfalfa (\n                      <jats:italic>Medicago sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.), a typical reclaimed herbaceous species on coal gangue dumps, as the study object. Constant high-temperature conditions were established indoors to simulate heat stress associated with coal gangue spontaneous combustion. The spectral response differences of chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) and photosynthetic parameters at different growth stages were analyzed. Correlation analysis combined with the SPA algorithm was applied to identify sensitive physiological indicators, spectral bands, and characteristic parameters related to heat stress. Subsequently, support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed (training set: test set = 3:1, n = 60:20) to determine optimal combinations of growth stage, indicators, and spectral features for monitoring spontaneous-combustion-induced heat stress.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) during branching, budding, and flowering stages, the SPAD values and photosynthetic parameters of treatment (T) and control (CK) groups exhibited consistent trends; (2) sensitive features included OS2, FDS1, FDS2, TP, NDVI, and FDNDVI; and (3) vegetation indices based on original spectra achieved the highest prediction accuracy, followed by those derived from first-derivative spectra, triangular parameters, first-derivative reflectance, and original spectral bands. Among all growth stages, the budding stage was identified as the optimal observation period, and the SVR model showed the best performance (FDNDVI: R\u00b2 = 0.77, RMSE\u00a0=\u00a03.50).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals growth-stage-dependent physiological and spectral responses of vegetation to spontaneous combustion heat stress and provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for ecological monitoring and early warning of spontaneous combustion in reclaimed coal gangue dumps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1745759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T06:48:38Z","timestamp":1770187718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on physiological indicators and spectral response characteristics of alfalfa under simulated spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dumps"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Meichen","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Academy of Eco-Civilization Development for Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province","place":["Hefei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunfang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2021.103287","article-title":"Vegetation as an indicator of underground smoldering fire on coal-waste dumps","volume":"121","author":"Abramowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/fire7100354","article-title":"Advances in detection and monitoring of coal spontaneous combustion: techniques, challenges, and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Anghelescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fire"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(01)00119-8","article-title":"The successive projections algorithm for variable selection in spectroscopic multicomponent analysis","volume":"57","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2014.10.007","article-title":"Temperature regulation of plant phenological development","volume":"111","author":"Bahuguna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2003.11.007","article-title":"Effects of water stress and night temperature preconditioning on water relations and morphological and anatomical changes of Lotus creticus plants","volume":"101","author":"Ba\u00f1on","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scientia Hortic."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202103.0352.v1","article-title":"Entomological remote dark field signal extraction by maximum noise fraction and unsupervised clustering for species identification","author":"Benoit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Sciences"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.10.118","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on support vector machine classification: Applications, challenges and trends","volume":"408","author":"Cervantes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.13592\/j.cnki.ppj.2010.01.007","article-title":"Thinking about the relationship between net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Commun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/environ-2015-0057","article-title":"Plant occurrence on burning coal waste \u2013 a case study from the Katowice-We\u0142nowiec dump, Poland","volume":"3","author":"Ciesielczuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Socio-economic Stud."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00999","article-title":"Multi-level interactions between heat shock factors, heat shock proteins, and the redox system regulate acclimation to heat","volume":"6","author":"Driedonks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"16","article-title":"Study on tolerance screening of woody vegetation restoring species to high-temperature","volume":"34","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forestry Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169008955129","article-title":"Visible and near infrared reflectance characteristics of dry plant materials","volume":"11","author":"Elvidge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2021.05.001","article-title":"Leaf physiological and anatomical responses of two sympatric Paphiopedilum species to temperature","volume":"44","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Diversity"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.5846\/stxb201408211652","article-title":"Environmental response simulation and the up-scaling of plant stomatal conductance","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ecologica Sin."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atech.2025.101765","article-title":"Hyperspectral inversion of leaf nitrogen content in wheat by integrating CWT-SPA feature optimization and XGBoost-SSA model","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Smart Agric. Technol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00675","article-title":"Remotely estimating aerial N uptake in winter wheat using red-edge area index from multi-angular hyperspectral data","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3964\/j.issn.1000\u20110593(2021)05\u20111625\u201106","article-title":"A comparative study of the hyperspectral inversion models based on the PCA for retrieving the cd content in the soil","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.19720\/j.cnki.issn.1005\u20119369.2021.08.009","article-title":"Hyperspectral estimation of maize SPAD value based on spectrum transformation and SPA-SVR","volume":"52","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Northeast Agric. Univ"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2006.01.029","article-title":"Photosynthetic characteristics and protective mechanisms against photooxidation during high temperature stress in two citrus species","volume":"108","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scientia Hortic."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2023.09.026","article-title":"A novel method for identification of disturbance from surface coal mining using all available Landsat data in the GEE platform","volume":"205","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-0504.2021.04.005","article-title":"Angle effect analysis on estimating canopy chlorophyll content of winter wheat by vegetation index methods","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geogr. Geo-Information Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115566","article-title":"Mapping land- and offshore-based wind turbines in China in 2023 with Sentinel-2 satellite data","volume":"214","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-8530.24.0077","article-title":"Effects of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of tea seedlings","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. drainage irrigation machinery engineering( JDIME)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2010.02229.x","article-title":"When it is too hot for photosynthesis: heat-induced instability of photosynthesis in relation to respiratory burst, cell permeability changes and H2O2 formation","volume":"34","author":"H\u00fcve","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/00102202.2021.1971661","article-title":"Study on spontaneous combustion characteristics of waste coal gangue hill","volume":"195","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Combustion Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15954","article-title":"Evaluation of drought stress level in sargent\u2019s cherry (Prunus sargentii rehder) using photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and proline content analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1680853","article-title":"Growth regulation mechanism of rhododendron moulmainense to high-temperature stress: Integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic insights","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.10.018","article-title":"Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its application to ecosystem studies","volume":"113","author":"Kokaly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.32942\/OSF.IO\/BFC5T","article-title":"Plant spectra as integrative measures of plant phenotypes","volume":"110","author":"Kothari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2021.0120206","article-title":"Improve the effectiveness of image retrieval by combining the optimal distance and linear discriminant analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Advanced Comput. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.32604\/EE.2021.015413","article-title":"A simplified model for SO2 generation during spontaneous combustion of coal gangue","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Eng."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071130","article-title":"A review of remote sensing for environmental monitoring in China","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.117946","article-title":"Comprehensive utilization and environmental risks of coal gangue: A review","volume":"239","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Production"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1007-7146.2017.04.008","article-title":"A study on spectral characteristics and chlorophyll content in rice","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Laser Biol. Sin."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6362.2022.10.006","article-title":"Establishment of an estimation model for chlorophyll content of strawberry leaves under high temperature conditions at seedling stage based on hyperspectral parameters","volume":"43","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Agrometeorology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.010","article-title":"Photosynthesis: Response to high temperature stress","volume":"137","author":"Mathur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.11733\/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.03.017","article-title":"The effects of drought and heat stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa","volume":"22","author":"Mu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Agrestia Sin."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.30880\/jscdm.2020.01.02.004","article-title":"The applications of discrete wavelet transform in image processing: A review","volume":"1","author":"Othman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Soft Computing Data Min."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83118-8","article-title":"A new band selection framework for hyperspectral remote sensing image classification","volume":"14","author":"Phaneendra Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6576-8","article-title":"Effect of elevated temperature on soil hydrothermal regimes and growth of wheat crop","volume":"190","author":"Pramanik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3390\/min10121081","article-title":"Co-disposal of coal gangue and red mud for prevention of acid mine drainage generation from self-heating gangue dumps","volume":"10","author":"Ran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165668","article-title":"Examining the effect of spontaneous combustion on vegetation restoration at coal waste dumps after reclamation: Taking Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) as an indicator","volume":"901","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21666","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08695-3","article-title":"Land damage assessment using maize aboveground biomass estimated from unmanned aerial vehicle in high groundwater level regions affected by underground coal mining","volume":"27","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. pollut. Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68460","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15361-9","article-title":"Influence of management on vegetation restoration in coal waste dump after reclamation in semi-arid mining areas: Examining ShengLi coalfield in inner Mongolia, China","volume":"28","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. pollut. Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.4297","article-title":"Monitoring potential spontaneous combustion in a coal waste dump after reclamation through unmanned aerial vehicle RGB imagery based on alfalfa aboveground biomass","volume":"33","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land Degradation Dev."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115502","article-title":"Vegetation growth status as an early warning indicator for the spontaneous combustion disaster of coal waste dump after reclamation: An unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing approach","volume":"317","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12291","article-title":"Let the concept of indicator species be functional","volume":"26","author":"Ricotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vegetation Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020353","article-title":"Using UAV and field measurement technology to monitor the impact of coal gangue pile temperature on vegetation ecological construction","volume":"14","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2023.103146","article-title":"3D thermal mapping of smoldering coal gangue pile fires using airborne thermal infrared data","volume":"48","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Stud. Thermal Eng."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8979","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3391009","article-title":"Monitoring burning coal gangue dump based on the 3-D thermal infrared model","volume":"17","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J. Selected Topics Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sens."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz333","article-title":"Plant growth-regulating molecules as thermoprotectants: functional relevance and prospects for improving heat tolerance in food crops","volume":"71","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071206","article-title":"Hyperspectral estimation of soil organic matter content using different spectral preprocessing techniques and PLSR method","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"23","article-title":"A summarize on environment-responding models of stomatal resistance and surface temperature of plant","volume":"2","author":"Shi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Res. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.16445\/j.cnki.1000-2340.20230810.001","article-title":"Research progress on mechanisms of high temperature tolerance in plants","volume":"57","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Henan Agric. Univ."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae7080238","article-title":"Effect of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activities in lettuce seedlings","volume":"7","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-023-01386-6","article-title":"Development of performance-based models for green concrete using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Interactive Design Manufacturing (IJIDeM)"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.164019","article-title":"Near infrared spectral variable optimization by final complexity adapted models combined with uninformative variables elimination-a validation study","volume":"203","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12060","DOI":"10.3390\/app122312060","article-title":"Underground disposal of coal gangue backfill in China","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"431","article-title":"The thermal history of select coal-waste dumps in the upper silesian coal basin, Poland","volume-title":"Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective","author":"Stracher","year":"2015"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2019.1687507","article-title":"Identification of genuine and adulterated pinellia ternata by mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares - discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)","volume":"53","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analytical Lett."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.7522\/j.issn.1000-0240.2022.0026","article-title":"Research on retrieval of MODIS fractional snow cover based on spectral environmental random forest regression model","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glanciology Geocryology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.11983\/CBB22079","article-title":"Research advances on the effect of high temperature stress on plant photosynthesis","volume":"58","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Bull. Bot."},{"key":"B63","volume-title":"Heat stress resistance in pea (pisum sativum L.) based on canopy and leaf traits[D\/OL]","author":"Tafesse","year":"2018"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-89984-4_19","article-title":"Production of safer vegetables from heavy metals contaminated soils: the current situation, concerns associated with human health and novel management strategies","volume-title":"Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management: Principles, Monitoring and Remediation","author":"Tauqeer","year":"2022"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpac029","article-title":"Aridity and cold temperatures drive divergent adjustments of European beech xylem anatomy, hydraulics and leaf physiological traits","volume":"42","author":"Vicente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2007.15559.x","article-title":"Let the concept of trait be functional","volume":"116","author":"Violle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2007.05.011","article-title":"Heat tolerance in plants: An overview","volume":"61","author":"Wahid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B68","volume-title":"Response of photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves to drought and simulation of stomatal conductance","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2846-5","article-title":"Differential proteomic analysis reveals sequential heat stress-responsive regulatory network in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) taproot","volume":"247","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38776","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09847-1","article-title":"Research on the technology of detection and risk assessment of fire areas in gangue hills","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. pollut. Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47080601","article-title":"Research progress on responses and regulatory mechanisms of plants under high temperature","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.3964\/j.issn.1000-0593(2023)09-2885-09","article-title":"Hyperspectral prediction modelof chlorophyll contentin sugarcane leaves under stress of mosaic","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectra LAnalysis"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5974","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14235974","article-title":"Assessing potential spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dumps after reclamation by simulating alfalfa heat stress based on the spectral features of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13132634","article-title":"Simulating heat stress of coal gangue spontaneous combustion on vegetation using alfalfa leaf water content spectral features as indicators","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-020-09229-3","article-title":"Monitoring the thermal and gaseous activity of coal waste dumps","volume":"79","author":"Wasilewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(01)00155-1","article-title":"PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics","volume":"58","author":"Wold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.11937\/bfyy.20243338","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence response and heat tolerance of different azalea cultivars to high-temperature stress","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Northern Horticulture"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2018.2813281","article-title":"Vegetation indices combining the red and red-edge spectral information for leaf area index retrieval","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. selected topics Appl. Earth observations Remote Sens."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13592\/j.cnki.ppj.1988.05.001","article-title":"Photosynthetic efficiency","author":"Xu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Commun."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.13592\/j.cnki.ppj.2016.1004","article-title":"Remembering the 50th anniversary of photosynthesis","volume":"52","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. J."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.6046\/gtzyyg.2020299","article-title":"Hyperspectral estimation of black soil organic matter content based on wavelet transform and successive projections algorithm","volume":"33","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Natural Resour."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174381","article-title":"Assessment of ecological cumulative effect due to mining disturbance using Google Earth Engine","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2022.104414","article-title":"Visualization research of egg freshness based on hyperspectral imaging and binary competitive adaptive reweighted sampling","volume":"127","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"B84","volume-title":"The habitat and vegetation constructing for Spontaneous combustion gangue pile in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province","author":"Zhang","year":"2008"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2096-3971.2024.06.003","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of high temperature and high heat resistance of 22 Medicago sativa L. varieties","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cao Xue"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-015-4477-4","article-title":"Co-combustion and emission characteristics of coal gangue and low-quality coal","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thermal Anal. Calorimetry"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13092251","article-title":"Response of Photosynthesis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars to Moderate Heat Stress at Meiosis and Anthesis Stages","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3964\/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)01-0264-08","article-title":"Exploration of spectral characteristics of crop leaves under cu 2+ pollution","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrosc. spectral Anal."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6362","DOI":"10.3390\/su15086362","article-title":"Temperature distribution regularity and dynamic evolution of spontaneous combustion coal gangue dump: case study of Yinying coal mine in Shanxi, China","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9807","DOI":"10.3390\/su14169807","article-title":"Internal temperature variation on spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dumps under the action of a heat pipe: case study on Yinying coal mine in China","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.15933\/j.cnki.1004\u20103268.2022.10.018","article-title":"Green tobacco position identification method based on contour-texture features and LDA","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Henan Agric. Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17298806221119668","DOI":"10.1177\/17298806221119668","article-title":"Prediction of knee trajectory based on surface electromyogram with independent component analysis combined with support vector regression","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Advanced Robotic Syst."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.12171\/j.1000-1522.20200171","article-title":"Selection of herb species for ecological restoration of coal gangue piles in north China","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing Forestry University"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-011-0809-8","article-title":"Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on photosynthesis and water status of maize under high temperature stress","volume":"346","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.04.003","article-title":"Near infrared spectroscopy for determination of various physical, chemical and biochemical properties in Mediterranean soils","volume":"40","author":"Zornoza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1745759\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T06:48:55Z","timestamp":1770187735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1745759\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1745759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1745759","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"article-number":"1745759"}}