{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:22:24Z","timestamp":1772180544513,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Polygonatum cyrtonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      Hua is an important economic crop with dual use as food and medicine. Its market demand has been increasing steadily. However, in the current market, widespread cultivar confusion coupled with the lack of efficient and accurate cultivar identification methods has severely hindered the genetic improvement and standardized development of its industry. In this study, we aimed to address the issues of germplasm resource confusion and difficulty in cultivar discrimination of\n                      <jats:italic>P. cyrtonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      while providing a novel technical tool for investigating the genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>Polygonatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      plants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We successfully developed a high-throughput identification system based on multiple nucleotide polymorphism (MNP) markers for\n                      <jats:italic>P. cyrtonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      cultivar identification. Via genome sequencing of 30 representative accessions, we screened 505 core MNP loci with high polymorphism and further optimized and established stable protocols for multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and high-throughput sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validation results revealed that this marker panel had excellent amplification efficiency and polymorphism across all 80 tested accessions. For the MNP markers, the average number of allelic genotypes reached 28.95 \u00b1 15.11. The polymorphism information content was 0.73 \u00b1 0.16. Both metrics were substantially superior to those of traditional identification methods. Both phylogenetic analysis and principal component analysis distinguished all the tested accessions, with an identification accuracy rate of 99.90%. A unique molecular ID code was assigned to each cultivar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The MNP marker system developed in this study combines the advantages of high throughput, high accuracy, and favorable reproducibility. It provides the technical means and solutions for the authenticity identification of\n                      <jats:italic>P. cyrtonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      cultivars, purity detection of seeds and seedlings, conservation of germplasm resources, as well as the conduct of distinctness, uniformity, and stability testing for new plant varieties and the application for new variety protection rights. These findings are expected to be applied for the source authentication of medicinal plants and population genetics research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1758042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:51:15Z","timestamp":1772175075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Construction and application of multiple nucleotide polymorphism-based DNA fingerprinting for Polygonatum cyrtonema identification"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yiyang Medical College","place":["Yiyang, China"]},{"name":"Chinese Medicinal Materials Breeding Innovation Center, Yuelushan Laboratory","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yiyang Medical College","place":["Yiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yiyang Medical College","place":["Yiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Medicinal Materials Breeding Innovation Center, Yuelushan Laboratory","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Medicinal Materials Breeding Innovation Center, Yuelushan Laboratory","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Mingliao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Medicinal Materials Breeding Innovation Center, Yuelushan Laboratory","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23701","article-title":"Pollen micromorphology of eastern Chinese Polygonatum and its role in taxonomy by using scanning electron microscopy","volume":"84","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08093","article-title":"Basic concepts and methodologies of DNA marker systems in plant molecular breeding","volume":"7","author":"Amiteye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37952","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra07214e","article-title":"Physicochemical, morpho-structural, and biological characterization of polysaccharides from three Polygonatum spp","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.1875.tb00640.x","article-title":"Revision of the genera and species of Asparagaceae","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1875","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1396888","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of a diverse panel of pea (Pisum sativum)","volume":"15","author":"Brhane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-024-2713-1","article-title":"Huangjing is not only a good medicine but also an affordable healthy diet","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010025","article-title":"Characterization, classification, and authentication of Polygonatum sibiricum Samples by volatile profiles and flavor properties","volume":"27","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051170","article-title":"A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13243509","article-title":"Pollen morphological characteristics of 46 germplasm resources of Polygonatum and its taxonomic implications","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-02316-z","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity and construction of DNA fingerprinting in Polygonatum Mill. based on EST-SSR and SRAP molecular markers","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2018.08.017","article-title":"Using phylogenomics to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae), with a special focus on Polygonatum","volume":"129","author":"Floden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.320","article-title":"Review on the genus Polygonatum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities","volume":"229","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-025-02580-z","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua as revealed by simple sequence repeat markers","volume":"72","author":"Hai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/njb.02643","article-title":"Analysis of the genetic structure and morphology of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Anhui Province, eastern China revealed three distinct genetic groups","volume":"38","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nord. J. Bot."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-018-2756-y","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of polygonati rhizoma germplasms: Implications for better crop development and conservation of a traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"40","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12374-011-0016-4","article-title":"The phylogenetic relationships of Asparagales in Korea based on five plastid DNA regions","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Plant Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1603255","article-title":"MGV-seq: A sensitive and culture-independent method for detecting microbial genetic variation","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.15208","article-title":"Structural analysis and anti-obesity effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide against obesity induced by high-fat diet in mice","volume":"56","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5943\/mycosphere\/si\/1f\/3","article-title":"Evolutionary relationship and a novel method of efficient identification of Lentinula edodes cultivars in China","volume":"13","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycosphere."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70070","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70070","article-title":"A New Method for Constructing High-Resolution phylogenomic Topologies Using Core Gene-Associated MNP Markers: A Case Study from Agaricus bisporus","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071685","article-title":"High-Resolution Core Gene-Associated Multiple nucleotide Polymorphism (cgMNP) Markers for Strain Identification in the Wine Cap Mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0290605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290605","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in China using SSR markers","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.758501","article-title":"Advances in mechanism research on Polygonatum in prevention and treatment of diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2020.10.026","article-title":"Study on genetic diversity and genetic variation law of Polygonatum cyrtonema","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112642","article-title":"Establishment and application of a Multiple nucleotide polymorphism molecular identification system for grape cultivars","volume":"325","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030330","article-title":"Development of multiple nucleotide polymorphism molecular markers for enoki mushroom (Flammulina filiformis) cultivars identification","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi (Basel)."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10080845","article-title":"Availability evaluation and application of MNP (multiple nucleotide polymorphism) markers in variety identification of chrysanthemum","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horticulturae."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154821","article-title":"A review of Polygonatum Mill. genus: Its taxonomy, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effect due to processing changes","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0308316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308316","article-title":"Development of SSR markers for genetic diversity analysis and species identification in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce based on transcriptome sequences","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-025-02409-9","article-title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity and construction of DNA fingerprinting in Polygonatum Mill. based on InDel molecular markers","volume":"72","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1006\/bojl.2000.0365","article-title":"Systematics of Ruscaceae\/Convallariaceae: A combined morphological and molecular investigation","volume":"134","author":"Rudall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.231","article-title":"Huangjing\u2014From medicine to healthy food and diet","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105097","article-title":"Huangjing fructan: A kind of novel active carbohydrate with energy-supply function","volume":"162","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"1","article-title":"). Biosystematic studies on the genus Polygonatum (Liliaceae). Morphology of staminal filaments and karyology of eleven Eurasian species","volume":"115","author":"Tamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bot. Jahrb. Syst."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20077","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.20077","article-title":"Status and prospects of genome-wide association studies in plants","volume":"14","author":"Tibbs Cortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Genome."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031350","article-title":"Health-promoting activities and associated mechanisms of polygonati rhizoma polysaccharides","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.882189","article-title":"Comparative analysis of chloroplast genome and new insights into phylogenetic relationships of Polygonatum and tribe Polygonateae","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.2012.045","article-title":"Ethnobotanical review of food uses of Polygonatum (Convallariaceae) in China","volume":"81","author":"Wujisguleng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Soc Bot. Pol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2022.107431","article-title":"Out of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains: Phylogenomics, biogeography and diversification of Polygonatum Mill. (Asparagaceae) in the Northern Hemisphere","volume":"169","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2022-0087","article-title":"Characterization of the chloroplast genome of medicinal herb Polygonatum cyrtonema and identification of molecular markers by comparative analysis","volume":"66","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8552","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2024.24.022","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Polygonatum genus based on morphological and molecular markers","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70831","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70831","article-title":"Chloroplast genome sequencing and comparative analysis of six medicinal plants of Polygonatum","volume":"15","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2024.9250178","article-title":"Simultaneous identification of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products by using MNP marker based on high-throughput sequencing","volume":"14","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129511","article-title":"Review of studies on polysaccharides, lignins and small molecular compounds from three Polygonatum Mill. (Asparagaceae) spp. in crude and processed states","volume":"260","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116296","article-title":"Polygonati rhizoma with the homology of medicine and food: A review of ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications","volume":"309","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.006","article-title":"The genus Polygonatum: A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"214","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/njb.02019","article-title":"A phylogenetic study of Chinese Polygonatum (Polygonateae, Asparagaceae)","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nord. J. Bot."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.03.014","article-title":"Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of fructans from Polygonatum odoratum and P. cyrtonema","volume":"214","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2020.15.020","article-title":"Phylogenetic and mutation point analysis of DNA barcoding sequences in Polygonatum cyrtonema","volume":"51","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2025.03.021","article-title":"Genetic diversity of three germplasms of Polygonatum based on SCoT molecular markers","volume":"56","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1758042\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:51:19Z","timestamp":1772175079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1758042\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1758042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1758042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"article-number":"1758042"}}