{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:57:12Z","timestamp":1778720232428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008227","name":"University of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The bacterial plant pathogen\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                      poses a threat to various crops, including potato (\n                      <jats:italic>Solanum tuberosum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Its pathogenicity and virulence are enabled by, among other factors, its type III secretion system, which delivers effectors into the host plant. While differences in cultivar responses offer a sustainable control strategy, the underlying temporal metabolic mechanisms in potatoes remain poorly characterised.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study employed an untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to investigate dynamic metabolic reprogramming in contrasting potato cultivars, Sifra and Valor, following inoculation with\n                      <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The metabolomic analysis was conducted at three intervals: 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours post-inoculation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results revealed distinct, genotype-specific response kinetics. Neither cultivar exhibited significant pathogen-responsive metabolomic reprogramming at 24 hours post-inoculation. At 48 hours post-inoculation, levels of 14 metabolites were elevated in the inoculated Valor samples, while Sifra showed minimal reprogramming. The Valor responses were not sustained and had subsided at the 72 hour time point. Meanwhile, by 72 hours, a spike in 11 metabolites was observed in the inoculated Sifra, with almost no upregulation of these in Valor. Among the spiked metabolites in Valor and Sifra were metabolites with a proven role in pathogen response. In total, there were 5 overlapping heightened metabolites between Valor and Sifra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While cultivars are expected to differ in their response to pathogen inoculation, resistance mechanisms and timing of response remain obscure and the present study uncovered varied time-dependent pathogen-induced metabolomic shifts of the two cultivars. This study added the much-needed knowledge of resistance responses with a new suite of response metabolites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1760708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T16:12:30Z","timestamp":1770826350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A time-resolved metabolomics study of potato cultivar responses to Pseudomonas syringae"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lindiwe","family":"Mahlangu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa","place":["Johannesburg, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khayalethu","family":"Ntushelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa","place":["Johannesburg, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ntakadzeni Edwin","family":"Madala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda","place":["Thohoyandou, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phumzile","family":"Sibisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa","place":["Johannesburg, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2012.07.014","article-title":"Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance","volume":"196","author":"Agati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1713:IRTHIW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Induced responses to herbivory in wild radish: effects on several herbivores and plant fitness","volume":"80","author":"Agrawal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2011.11.002","article-title":"Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Ahuja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.109678","article-title":"Comparative metabolomics elucidates the early defense response mechanisms to Plutella xylostella infestation in Brassica napus","volume":"221","author":"Askri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. 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