{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:04:21Z","timestamp":1792454661481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The persistence and progressive fragmentation of plastic waste into micro- and nanoplastics (M\/NPs) represent a significant and escalating threat to agro-ecosystems, adversely impacting a broad spectrum of organisms from soil microbiota to plants, animals, and ultimately human health. Although ecotoxicological studies have documented adverse outcomes, connections between plastic exposure and specific plant physiological endpoints remain underexplored. Here, we synthesize the current evidence on the interaction of plastics particle with plants, especially emphasizing accumulation and distribution of particles in different plant tissues, entry pathways, morphological disruption, and biochemical response. We further devolve into underlying toxicity mechanisms, and synergistic effects with other environmental stressors. Therefore, this review synthesizes current knowledge on the uptake, internal fate, and physiological consequences of M\/NPs stress in plants. We also identify key areas for future research, including the development of mechanistic endpoints that directly correlate with crop performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1772615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:30:32Z","timestamp":1773232232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Micro- and nanoplastics-induced stress in plants: uptake, physiological disruption, and toxicity mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Arshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Sanya, China"]},{"name":"Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irshan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shoaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Sanya, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayyub","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council","place":["Islamabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guosheng","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Administration Office, Guangze Branch of Nanping Tobacco Company","place":["Nanping, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Administration Office, Guangze Branch of Nanping Tobacco Company","place":["Nanping, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Sanya, China"]},{"name":"Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Sanya, China"]},{"name":"Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Saline Soil Resources Utilization and Ecological Conservation, Nanjing Agricultural University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC)","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Accumulation and effects of micro-and nanoplastic particles in terrestrial ecosystems","author":"Adhikari","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2023.100345","article-title":"Fate of plastic nanoparticles (PNPs) in soil and plant systems: Current status & research gaps","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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