{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:10:12Z","timestamp":1778850612414,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of two C3 species (\n                    <jats:italic>Capsicum annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mentha \u00d7 piperita<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and one C4 species (\n                    <jats:italic>Gomphrena globosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) under elevated CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    conditions. Plants were exposed to three CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations\u2014~400 parts per million (ppm) (control), ~2,900 ppm, and ~5,400 ppm\u2014in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Elevated CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly enhanced plant height, leaf number, bud formation, shoot and root fresh weight, total biomass, chlorophyll content, and relative leaf nitrogen index across all species. The magnitude of response differed among species, with\n                    <jats:italic>C. annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    showing the strongest overall growth stimulation at 5,400 ppm. Multivariate analyses further confirmed that CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentration significantly influenced physiological parameters. These findings demonstrate species-specific responses of C3 and C4 plants to high CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    enrichment and highlight potential implications for crop productivity under changing atmospheric conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1772837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1778848316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative study on the effect of elevated levels of carbon dioxide on growth and photosynthesis of three selected plant species"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abdelghafar M.","family":"Abu-Elsaoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman Obaid","family":"Aldawsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem Nigr","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer abdulrahman","family":"Aldayel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alya Nasser Abdulrahman","family":"Alarefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renad Mohammed Salem","family":"Aldossari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seham M.","family":"Al Raish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Country Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University","place":["Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15375","article-title":"30 years of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE): What have we learned about future crop productivity and its potential for adaptation","volume":"27","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. 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