{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:46:32Z","timestamp":1785732392396,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Saline-alkali soil is a major constraint in agricultural production worldwide; environmentally sustainable amendment is being adopted. This study systematically investigated the effects of different concentrations of apple fermentation liquid (AFL). On rice growth under saline-alkali soil using a controlled greenhouse pot experiment. Rice plants were treated with four AFL dilutions (1:25, 1:50, 1:100 and 1:200, v\/v), and the plant growth traits, development, physiological responses, biochemical characteristics, rhizosphere fungal community composition, and root transcriptome profiles were assessed. The results showed that: (1) AFL application significantly enhanced growth of rice, with the JS25 (1:25) treatment increasing plant height, stem and root length by 70.7%, 111.4% and 72.9% respectively, compared with the saline-alkali control. It also increased the antioxidant enzyme activities CAT (114.7%-232.2%) and SOD (52.5%-119.1%), and chlorophyll content (127.1%-189.6%), while indicating alleviation of saline-alkali stress by reducing proline accumulation (53.0%-74.9%); (2) High-throughput sequencing (ITS region) revealed that AFL treatment significantly altered the structure of rhizosphere fungal community, markedly increasing the relative abundance of genera such as\n                    <jats:italic>Plectosphaerella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Acremonium<\/jats:italic>\n                    while changes in\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance were interpreted cautiously due to its taxonomic diversity; (3) Transcriptome analysis showed that AFL treatment (JS100) induced large-scale gene expression reprograming in rice roots, including genes associated with ion transport, antioxidant defense, and stress signaling pathways. Because of the post-treatment soil physiochemical parameters and qRT-PCR validation were not conducted, the proposed mechanism should be considered exploratory and hypothesis generating. Overall, this study suggests that AFL treatment may enhance rice stress tolerance under saline-alkali conditions, as reflected in the observed physiochemical, fungal, and transcriptomic responses. However, due to the absence of post-treatment soil analysis and qRT-PCR validation, these findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1786329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:26:37Z","timestamp":1785731197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of apple fermentation liquid on rice growth and stress responses in saline-alkali soil under pot conditions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"He","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liquan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindho","family":"Wagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pest Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Forest Protection, Northeast Forestry University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneer Ahmed","family":"Khoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khuzin","family":"Dinislam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University","place":["Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenglin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University","place":["Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102567","article-title":"Influence of several physical parameters in enzymatic fermentation of vegetable and fruit waste to produce organic liquid fertilizer using MASARO technology","volume":"23","author":"Abidin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.697815","article-title":"Cover plants-mediated suppression of fusarium wilt and root-knot incidence of cucumber is associated with the changes of rhizosphere fungal microbiome structure-under plastic shed system of North China","volume":"13","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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