{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:24:52Z","timestamp":1773235492174,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011811","name":"Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NDYB2023-48\uff0cNDYB2024-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2023-48\uff0cNDYB2024-29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    S-(-)-Spirobrassinin is a secondary metabolite derived from broccoli, exhibiting significant weed-suppressive activity and serving as a promising lead compound for botanical herbicide development. However, its practical application is constrained by unanswered questions regarding crop selectivity, environmental fate, and particularly its rapid soil degradation. To address these gaps, this study employed a combination of bioassays, soil analytics, and molecular dynamics simulations to comprehensively evaluate its herbicide potential and explore a biochar-based carrier strategy for sustained release. Our results demonstrated that S-(-)-Spirobrassinin exhibited differential tolerance on\n                    <jats:italic>Setaria italica<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to\n                    <jats:italic>Sorghum bicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Avena sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while demonstrating superior efficacy against graminaceous weeds over broadleaf weeds, indicating a notable degree of selectivity. Soil incubation experiments revealed that the compound degraded rapidly, with only 2.7 \u03bcg\/mL detectable after 21 days, and induced transient shifts in microbial community structure, reducing overall diversity and altering the relative abundance of key phyla such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. To overcome the degradation limitation, molecular simulations revealed that S-(-)-Spirobrassinin can be strongly adsorbed onto carbonaceous surfaces and confined within micropores, underpinning the theoretical basis for using biochar as an effective controlled-release carrier. This work not only elucidates the crop selectivity and soil behavior of S-(-)-Spirobrassinin but also proposes a mechanism informed strategy to enhance its persistence, providing a holistic foundation for developing this natural product into an eco-friendly smart herbicide system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1787286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:45:09Z","timestamp":1772779509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated assessment of selectivity, soil behavior, and biochar-mediated release for the botanical herbicide precursor S-(-)-Spirobrassinin"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia AgriculturalUniversity","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia AgriculturalUniversity","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayannur Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center","place":["Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayannur Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Center","place":["Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia AgriculturalUniversity","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hulunbuir Agricultural Technology Extension Center","place":["Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongliao City Horqin District Agricultural Technology Extension Center","place":["Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxiu","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia AgriculturalUniversity","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia AgriculturalUniversity","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.08.005","article-title":"Sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants on functionalized biochar: protagonist role of \u03a0-\u03a0 Electron-donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonds","volume":"360","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.15515\/abr.0976-4585.15.4.322334","article-title":"The ecological impact of pesticides on non-target organisms in agricultural ecosystems","volume":"15","author":"Akhter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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