{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:35:04Z","timestamp":1791549304789,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Potato (\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum tuberosum L.)<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivation is severely constrained by multiple pathogens, among which late blight caused by the oomycete\n                    <jats:italic>P. infestans<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains the most destructive disease. Developing pathogen-resistant cultivars can enhance productivity and reduce fungicide use in potato, where R-gene-based resistance is often overcome by evolving pathogen populations. Targeting susceptibility (S) genes represents a promising alternative strategy for improving disease resistance. Here, we employed CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing to introduce a targeted missense single-nucleotide polymorphism in the susceptibility gene\n                    <jats:italic>StDND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a putative susceptibility-associated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel family gene showing sequence similarity to\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana DND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to evaluate its association with late blight resistance. The\n                    <jats:italic>StDND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence was retrieved from the Spud DB database, and guide RNAs targeting the first exon were designed, Cas-OFFinder was used for off-target assessment.\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated transformation generated kanamycin-resistant edited lines, which were confirmed by PCR amplification of the Cas9 transgene. Resistance was evaluated using detached leaf assays following inoculation with\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora infestans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and lesion areas were measured at 7 days post-inoculation. Edited lines showed significantly reduced lesion sizes (~74% lower infection rates) compared with empty-vector control plants, without obvious visible developmental abnormalities under the tested growth conditions after visual inspection. These findings provide preliminary evidence that CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated editing of\n                    <jats:italic>StDND2<\/jats:italic>\n                    is associated with reduced late blight severity in potato under controlled experimental conditions and support further evaluation in advanced generations and field environments\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1807632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:40:40Z","timestamp":1780638040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genome editing of susceptibility gene StDND2 enhances Phytophthora resistance in Solanum tuberosum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Arsh","family":"Bibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irshad","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)","place":["Rawalpindi, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Aftab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Genomics and Advance Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC)","place":["Islamabad, Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Schneiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Fribourg","place":["Fribourg, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2018.01.002","article-title":"Two different R gene loci co-evolved with Avr2 of Phytophthora infestans and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato","volume":"89","author":"Aguilera-Galvez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stud. 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