{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:16:36Z","timestamp":1790270196543,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nitrogen fertilization is essential for crop yield but can increase susceptibility to rice blast, a phenomenon known as Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility (NIS). The genetic architecture governing natural variation in NIS remains poorly characterized. To address this, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 268 rice accessions from the rice diversity panel 2, under controlled nitrogen regimes 0N (control), 1N (100 mg\/L NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), 2N (200 mg\/L NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Our analyses defined a NIS Index (NISI), which revealed extensive phenotypic polymorphism in nitrogen responsiveness across the rice diversity panel. GWAS identified several significant loci, including a novel locus on chromosome 8 (NIS4) harboring F-box protein genes within a stress-responsive gene cluster containing eight F-box genes, a drought resistance gene, and a heat shock protein 70 gene. Physiological dissection showed that a \u2018negative NIS\u2019 phenotype (enhanced resistance under high nitrogen) correlated with a rapid, pathogen-triggered defense response, characterized by immediate induction of peroxidase activity and lignin biosynthesis. Conversely, susceptible lines exhibited delayed defense. Gene expression analysis linked active nitrogen assimilation (GS\/GOGAT cycle) to susceptibility. We conclude that NIS polymorphism has a genetic component and may involve the host\u2019s ability to redirect nitrogen resources toward early defense activation during pathogen invasion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1810580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:40:35Z","timestamp":1778132435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetics of polymorphism in nitrogen-induced-susceptibility of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Hasibur Rahaman","family":"Hera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owais","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sauban Musa","family":"Jibril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, China"]},{"name":"Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University","place":["Kunming, Yunnan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-08-12-0189-R","article-title":"Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences production and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum","volume":"103","author":"Abro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1939-8433-6-32","article-title":"Diversity and genetics of nitrogen-induced susceptibility to the blast fungus in rice and wheat","volume":"6","author":"Ballini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rice"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.59978\/ar04010005","article-title":"Farmers perceived effectiveness of agricultural extension services for climate smart agricultural practices: Insights from a selected coastal area of Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Biswas","year":"2026","journal-title":"Agric. 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Mechanisms of nutrient acquisition and utilization during infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae","volume":"25","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-021-02864-3","article-title":"Genome-wide association of rice response to blast fungus identifies loci for robust resistance under high nitrogen","volume":"21","author":"Frontini","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Hayashi\n              N.\n            \n            \n              Fukuta\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          University of Tsukuba\n          Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS\n          Proposal for a new international system of differentiating races of blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) by using LTH monogenic lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.)\n          \n          2009"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00265","article-title":"Increase of fungal pathogenicity and role of plant glutamine in nitrogen-induced susceptibility (NIS) to rice blast","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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