{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:23:34Z","timestamp":1790799814210,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mosla chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a high-value medicinal plant with scarce genomic resources for precision breeding. Here, we present the first chromosome-scale genome of an alpine ecotype (Baiyunjian Reserve, 1,611 m above sea level) assembled via SMRT sequencing and Hi-C technologies. 93.46% of sequences were anchored to 9 pseudochromosomes with 99.99% accuracy, resulting in the assembly of the 444.26 Mb genome (contig N50\u00a0=\u00a041.38 Mb; 98.7% BUSCO). High proportion of repetitive sequences (56.90%) and species-specific genome duplication revealed the species-specific adaptations of this ecotype. Multi-tissue metabolomics identified flowers and leaves as biosynthetic hotspots for terpenoids especially \u03b3-terpinene, thymol and carvacrol. Integrated with transcriptomics pinpointed MchTPS4 as the plastid-localized \u03b3-terpinene synthase, while phylogenetic mining identified cytochrome P450 MchCYPs (MCH03g18750) and dehydrogenases MchSDRs (MCH04g17930\/14560) as potential downstream enzymes. Functional validation confirmed that MchTPS4 was a monoterpene synthase while MchTPS2, MchTPS7, MchTPS9\u201311 were sesquiterpene synthases. Furthermore, metabolic engineering boosted the yield of \u03b3-terpinene 3.45-fold to 5.09 mg\/L. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) analyses uncovered 61 clusters with 11 associated with terpenoid metabolism. MchTPS2 co-localized in cluster 6 with two MchCYPs (MCH01g19200; MCH01g19220). Syntenic analysis revealed that MchTPS2 evolved as a single-copy, whereas MCH01g19200 underwent tandem duplication from\n                    <jats:italic>M. chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to\n                    <jats:italic>Salvia divinorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. hispanica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phylogenomic analysis resolved\n                    <jats:italic>M. chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the sister species of\n                    <jats:italic>Perilla frutescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (100% BS), diverging ~12.7 Mya in the mid-Miocene. Comparative genomics revealed a species-specific whole-genome duplication event post-dating divergence from\n                    <jats:italic>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , driving syntenic retention of specialized metabolic genes. This study decodes the genetic basis of terpenoid biosynthesis in an extremophyte, providing resources for molecular breeding of traditional Chinese medical plant \u201c\n                    <jats:italic>Xiangru<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d and insights into Lamiaceae metabolic evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1819008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:39:35Z","timestamp":1781588375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chromosome-level genome of Mosla chinensis from alpine ecotype provides insights into terpenoid biosynthesis and germplasm exploration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zong-Xia","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Science","place":["Jiujiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruo","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Science","place":["Jiujiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Science","place":["Jiujiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Center of Zhejiang","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University","place":["Lhasa, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Jie","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]},{"name":"Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. 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