{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:46:09Z","timestamp":1785732369586,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006321","name":"National Institutes of Natural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) co-contamination threatens crop production and food safety. Carbon-based organic fertilizers may simultaneously improve soil fertility, regulate microbial communities, and reduce metal(loid) mobility, but their performance in Sb-As co-contaminated vegetable systems remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pot experiment with pak choi was conducted to compare different carbon-based amendments, including magnesium sulfate-loaded biochar-based organic fertilizer (CBOF-M). Soil chemistry, pore-water elements, enzyme activities, rhizosphere microbial communities, plant growth, and elemental accumulation were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbonaceous amendments reduced Sb mobility but increased As solubility. CBOF-M increased soil carbon, produced the highest plant biomass, reduced Sb translocation to edible tissues, and enriched Bacteroidota and Gemmatimonadota. Structural equation modeling identified an indirect microbiome-mediated pathway and a direct enzyme-mediated nutrient-cycling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnesium sulfate-loaded biochar-based organic fertilizer produced a promotion-detoxification synergy, although As mobilization remains a key constraint requiring formulation-specific control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1823671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:26:18Z","timestamp":1785731178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of carbon-based organic fertilizer on soil microorganisms and vegetable growth in Sb-As co-contaminated soil: a synergistic mechanism of promotion and detoxification"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu University of Technology","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxian","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jining","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071","article-title":"Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review","volume":"99","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.x","article-title":"A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Austral Ecol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv050","article-title":"The microbial genomics of arsenic","volume":"40","author":"Andres","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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