{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:53:34Z","timestamp":1792522414039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD200150401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD200150401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The accuracy of on-board yield monitoring for combine harvesters is limited by the difficulty of acquiring high-fidelity mass flow signals and achieving reliable cumulative integration under complex vibration and varying operating conditions. To address this challenge, this study developed a weighing-based on-board yield monitoring system (DW-ORMS), in which a flow-collecting weighing-type grain mass flow sensor (C-GMFS) served as the core sensing unit. The C-GMFS enables stable weighing observation in confined installation spaces through mechanical decoupling and a single force-transmission path. At the system level, a state-aware gating strategy and trusted update mechanism were introduced to improve the reliability of output and cumulative mass estimation during unsteady operating phases. Based on field-measured disturbance characteristics, a parameterized disturbance model was established and used to identify the valid operating window and fix the gating parameter range. Simulation results showed that the proposed method achieved band-limited interference suppression of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>band<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    \u226517.73 dB under strong disturbances while maintaining trend fidelity of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      PRR\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    \u226541.73% and low processing delay. Field harvesting experiments were conducted at working speeds of 2\u20138 km\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b9. The cumulative strip mass showed excellent agreement with manual weighing references, with\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b2=0.973 and\n                    <jats:italic>RMSE<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.84 kg, and the strip-level mass closure error remained within CE \u2264 5% (N\u00a0=\u00a035). No monotonic drift in error was observed across working-speed groups. These results demonstrate that the DW-ORMS provides a deployable and traceable solution for high-confidence on-board yield monitoring of combine harvesters under unsteady field conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1825426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:42:05Z","timestamp":1779169325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic-weighing grain mass flow sensing for reliable in-field yield monitoring in combine harvesters"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]},{"name":"Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuchang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.11975\/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.z1.006","article-title":"Grain yield data transformation model based on photoelectric principle and its validation","volume":"33","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. 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