{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:24:16Z","timestamp":1786947856502,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MC014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MC014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental optimization of seed-peanut shelling mechanisms is limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio of biological materials, because variations in pod size, shell thickness, shell-kernel clearance, and rupture behavior can mask the effects of claw geometry. This study proposes a flexible peanut shelling claw and a mechanism-constrained D-optimal response surface optimization (MC-DORSO) framework to reduce biological-variability-induced noise while lowering shelling force and kernel damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A Hertzian-curved beam coupling model was used to guide the stress-concentration claw design. MC-DORSO combined mechanical feasibility filtering, D-optimal sampling, mean-normalized response modeling, and mixed discrete-continuous optimization. The relative shelling efficiency index\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sub>\u03bc<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      and adaptive stepwise regression were used to reduce baseline force differences among pod-size groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optimized parameters were\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b8<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0120\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        L\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a016 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a045\u00b0, and\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        H\n                        <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.6 mm. In validation tests against flat-press compression, the optimized claw reduced mean critical shelling force by 38.82%, increased the intact-kernel rate from 84.00% to 94.00%, and increased the germination rate from 92.00% to 98.00%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed MC-DORSO-based claw design reduces the load required for single-pod shell rupture while improving kernel preservation, providing a scalable optimization approach for low-damage seed-peanut shelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1831721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:25:55Z","timestamp":1786944355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanism-constrained D-optimal design of a flexible claw for peanut shelling under biological variability"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Tuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mantuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianwei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengrui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10942910500471636","article-title":"Selected physical properties of peanuts","volume":"9","author":"Akcali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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