{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:11:29Z","timestamp":1779343889478,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u2018Saiwaihong\u2019 apple (\n                      <jats:italic>Malus pumila \u2018Saiwaihong\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is a premium cultivar cultivated in the Horqin sandy land of Inner Mongolia, where soils are characterized by low organic matter content and poor nutrient retention capacity. Castor bean enzyme biofertilizer (CB), produced through microbial fermentation of castor meal, has shown promise in enhancing crop productivity, but its effects on fruit tree performance and underlying mechanisms remain inadequately characterized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two-year field experiment was conducted using 7-year-old \u2018Saiwaihong\u2019 apple trees in a randomized complete block design with six treatments: unfertilized control (CK), cattle manure (N), compound fertilizer (F), and three CB application rates. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, fruit yield components, and quality parameters were systematically evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study showed that CB application uniquely reduced soil pH from strongly alkaline toward near-neutral conditions and elevated soil organic matter by 50.9-70.6% above the control. Available phosphorus increased dramatically under B1 and B2, accompanied by sustained enhancement of hydrolytic enzyme activities and suppression of polyphenol oxidase. The B2 treatment achieved superior yield enhancement through increased individual fruit size. Most notably, CB treatments elevated fruit vitamin C content by 101.4-135.9% across both years-an effect size substantially exceeding reported values for conventional amendments. Strong positive correlations between soil enzyme activities and fruit quality parameters indicated functional coupling between enhanced soil biological functioning and improved nutritional quality. Our findings demonstrate that moderate CB application (21, 500 kg\u00b7ha-1) optimally enhanced soil properties, enzymatic activity, yield, and fruit quality in \u2018Saiwaihong\u2019 apple production. These benefits are mediated through improved soil physicochemical conditions and enhanced biological nutrient cycling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings position CB as a promising strategy for building longterm soil health and supporting sustainable orchard management in nutrientpoor sandy soils, offering theoretical guidance for green agriculture development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1834274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:46:14Z","timestamp":1779342374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bio-organic amendment enhances apple yield and nutritional quality in degraded sandy soils"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunguang","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongliao Agricultural and Animal Product Quality Safety Center, Inner Mongolia","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guorui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Baicheng Normal University","place":["Baicheng, China"]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Western Jilin\u2019s Clean Energy, Baicheng Normal University","place":["Baicheng, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenglan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Food, Inner Mongolia Minzu University","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of State Ethnic Affairs Commission","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial technology Innovation of Castor","place":["Tongliao, China"]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center of Universities for Castor","place":["Tongliao, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-00394-8","article-title":"Poultry manure improves soil properties and grain mineral composition, maize productivity and economic profitability","volume":"15","author":"Agbede","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173510","article-title":"Deciphering competitive interactions: Phosphate and organic matter binding on goethite through experimental and theoretical insights","volume":"940","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112512","article-title":"Micronutrients and their effects on horticultural crop quality, productivity and sustainability","volume":"323","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1109\/DELCON54057.2022.9753548","article-title":"Real-time detection and measurements of nitrogen, phosphorous & potassium from soil samples: a comprehensive review","volume":"24","author":"Ameer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11092771","article-title":"Polyphenols as antioxidant\/pro-oxidant compounds and donors of reducing species: Relationship with human antioxidant metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Andr\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-020-00393-y","article-title":"Identification of two QTLs associated with high fruit acidity in apple using pooled genome sequencing analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125762","article-title":"The potential bioavailability of phosphorus and the microbial community involved in agro-industrial composts as organic amendments or growing media","volume":"386","author":"Boh\u00f3rquez-Sandoval","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14121643","article-title":"Research advances in the regulation of fruit size: An integrated perspective of genetic, hormonal, epigenetic, and environmental control","volume":"14","author":"Bu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2016.03.006","article-title":"Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration, fiber yield, and quality of cotton","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crop J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-025-00810-1","article-title":"Organic amendments influence soil properties, soil microbial diversity, and winter barley traits in a five-year field trial with contaminated soils at a former wood preservation site","volume":"12","author":"Chiodi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Technol. Agric."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-024-01856-3","article-title":"Organic fertilization strengthens multiple internal pathways for soil mineral nitrogen production: evidence from the meta-analysis of long-term field trials","volume":"60","author":"Elrys","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118715","article-title":"Microbial diversity and keystone species drive soil nutrient cycling and multifunctionality following mangrove restoration","volume":"251","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-025-07722-x","article-title":"Unveiling the potential of bio-organic fertilizers to enhance crop yield and improve soil and microbial environments: A meta-analysis in China","volume":"516","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-021-00702-z","article-title":"Mechanisms and regulation of organic acid accumulation in plant vacuoles","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13151","article-title":"The edaphic control of plant diversity","volume":"29","author":"Hulshof","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2025.106836","article-title":"Organic amendment quality as a driver of soil phosphorus enrichment and crop yield: A global synthesis","volume":"256","author":"Islam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.127810","article-title":"Unraveling depth-dependent patterns of soil physicochemical properties: the role of integrated fertilization regimes in apple orchard profiles","volume":"395","author":"Jakhro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.70042","article-title":"Advancing apple orchard management through soil organic carbon: A systems\u2010based review","volume":"41","author":"Jakhro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Use Manage."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-024-02098-w","article-title":"Organic fertilization and its effects on storage of carbon and nitrogen in apple orchard soil: A meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Jakhro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2021.108393","article-title":"Changes in soil bacterial and fungal community composition and functional groups during the succession of boreal forests","volume":"161","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105510","article-title":"Drying characteristics and quality attributes of apple slices dried by a non-thermal ultrasonic contact drying method","volume":"73","author":"Kahraman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04201","article-title":"Microbial responses to biochar soil amendment and influential factors: a three-level meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kerner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2026.123151","article-title":"Physiological combined with transcriptomics analysis provided new insights into the enhanced Cd stress resilience of Ricinus communis L. via castor bean meal biofertilizer","volume":"243","author":"Lei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w17040512","article-title":"Seasonal variations and drivers of total nitrogen and phosphorus in China\u2019s surface waters","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wat"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2024.154352","article-title":"Sucrose synthase: An enzyme with multiple roles in plant physiology","volume":"303","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2021.115376","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase activity mediates soil organic phosphorus mineralization in a subalpine forest ecosystem","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1584608","article-title":"By promoting growth and development, castor bean meal biofertilizer improves the yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat and indirectly improves the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat sprouts","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4681","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-024-01863-1","article-title":"Castor bean meal fertilizer improves peanut yield and quality by regulating the soil physicochemical environment and soil enzyme activities","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14030415","article-title":"Effects of organic substitution on the yield and quality of apples and residual nitrate-n leaching in soil","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agron."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.2701","article-title":"Soil reserves of potassium: release and availability to lolium perenne in relation to clay minerals in six cropland soils from eastern China","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-021-03695-0","article-title":"Influence of genetic background, growth latitude and bagging treatment on phenolic compounds in fruits of commercial cultivars and wild types of apples (Malus sp.)","volume":"247","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10122950","article-title":"Effects of genetic background and altitude on sugars, Malic acid and ascorbic acid in fruits of wild and cultivated apples (Malus sp.)","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2024.e00765","article-title":"Soil total and available C: N: P stoichiometry among different parent material soil profiles in rubber plantations of Hainan Island, China","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geoderma Reg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.04.050","article-title":"Competitive adsorption of phosphate and dissolved organic carbon on lanthanum modified zeolite","volume":"574","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2022.108769","article-title":"Soil aggregate modulates microbial ecological adaptations and community assemblies in agricultural soils","volume":"172","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57981-6","article-title":"Soil organic carbon thresholds control fertilizer effects on carbon accrual in croplands worldwide","volume":"16","author":"Ling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2019.107617","article-title":"The soil priming effect: Consistent across ecosystems, elusive mechanisms","volume":"140","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2022.108547","article-title":"Edaphic stress interactions: important yet poorly understood drivers of plant production in future climates","volume":"283","author":"Lynch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Field Crop Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2025.102774","article-title":"Driving sustainability in fruit-based cropping systems: Intercropping impacts on growth, soil health, microbial dynamics and yield stability","volume":"139","author":"Mehta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.105992","article-title":"Soil pH determines the shift of key microbial energy metabolic pathways associated with soil nutrient cycle","volume":"208","author":"Mitsuta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoil.2024.1345895","article-title":"Sandy soil reclamation technologies to improve crop productivity and soil health: a review","volume":"4","author":"Musei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Soil Sci. Front."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.9734\/ajee\/2024\/v23i11620","article-title":"The role of organic amendments and their impact on soil restoration: A review","volume":"23","author":"Omokaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Environ. Ecol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.103586","article-title":"Stability and preservation of phenolic compounds and related antioxidant capacity from agro-food matrix: Effect of pH and atmosphere","volume":"57","author":"Pasquet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.113211","article-title":"A review on slow-release fertilizer: Nutrient release mechanism and agricultural sustainability","volume":"12","author":"Priya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemin.2025.100276","article-title":"Enhancing soil fertility, nutrient recovery and carbon sequestration: the role of biochar, composted biochar, and biochar-compost mixtures in sustainable agriculture","volume":"15","author":"Rani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Miner."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.7745\/KJSSF.2025.58.2.159","article-title":"Effect of biochar and organic amendments on improving soil quality and apple orchard productivity: a 2-year field study","volume":"58","author":"Rathinapriya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Korean J. Soil Sci. Fertil."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad294","article-title":"An update on sugar allocation and accumulation in fruits","volume":"193","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2025.114113","article-title":"Effects and assessment of the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers on greenhouse tomato growth, yield, and soil quality","volume":"344","author":"Sa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154627","article-title":"Organic amendments enhance soil microbial diversity, microbial functionality and crop yields: A meta-analysis","volume":"829","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14010034","article-title":"Soil fertility, plant nutrition and nutrient management","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70551","article-title":"Polyphenolic profiles, antioxidant and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibitory activities of three smallfruited apple cultivars from northeast China","volume":"90","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2021.108533","article-title":"Organic fertilization promotes crop productivity through changes in soil aggregation","volume":"165","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.05.020","article-title":"Oxidation of iron sulfides in subsoils of cultivated boreal acid sulfate soil fields based on soil redox potential and pH measurements","volume":"308","author":"Virtanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2025.109949","article-title":"Microbial modulation of soil pH: a self-benefiting mechanism exemplified by Bacillus","volume":"210","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2024.109467","article-title":"Nature\u2013based nutrient management through returning agricultural organic waste enhances soil aggregate organic carbon stability","volume":"381","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.106152","article-title":"Microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism regulated by C: N: P stoichiometry stimulates organic carbon accumulation in agricultural soils","volume":"242","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.117477","article-title":"Research progress on ammonia oxidizing microorganisms: the discovery, nitrogen metabolic pathways, influencing factors and contribution rate","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14030609","article-title":"Enhancing soil health and plant growth through microbial fertilizers: mechanisms, benefits, and sustainable agricultural practices","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113914","article-title":"Enhancing nutritional quality in vegetables through breeding and cultivar choice in protected cultivation","volume":"339","author":"Weiss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12163100","article-title":"A high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method developed for the sensitive determination of ascorbic acid: validation, application, and comparison with titration, spectrophotometric, and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection methods","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97776-9","article-title":"Applying bio-organic fertilizer improved saline alkaline soil properties and cotton yield in Xinjiang","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123455","article-title":"Long-term nitrogen application decreased mineral-associated organic carbon while increasing particulate organic carbon in purple soil in southwest China","volume":"373","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145765","article-title":"Integrating organic amendments and enhanced efficiency fertilizers for sustainable rice production-a case study in a tropic paddy system","volume":"516","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15122717","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment in black soil region of Inner Mongolia Province, China","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agron."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2025.109865","article-title":"Effective potassium management for sustainable crop production based on soil potassium availability","volume":"326","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Field Crops Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14182926","article-title":"Spraying foliar fertilizer affect the physiological function of leaf and improve the quality of \u2018Snick\u2019 apple","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.136","article-title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments in China: a national-scale assessment and review","volume":"576","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.06.001","article-title":"Buckwheat digestibility affected by the chemical and structural features of its main components","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food. Hydrocoll"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-013-0497-0","article-title":"Influence of the sewage irrigation on the agricultural soil properties in Tongliao City, China","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-024-07195-4","article-title":"Neutral pH induces complex and stable soil microbial networks in agricultural ecosystems","volume":"513","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2007.06.001","article-title":"Contributions of sandy lands and stony deserts to long-distance dust emission in China and Mongolia during 2000\u20132006","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Change"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2021.110353","article-title":"Molecular regulation of fruit size in horticultural plants: a review","volume":"288","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173103","article-title":"Tracing the contribution and fate of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in young apple orchard agrosystems","volume":"932","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2023.108721","article-title":"Long-term bioorganic and organic fertilization improved soil quality and multifunctionality under continuous cropping in watermelon","volume":"359","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1136187","article-title":"Soil bacterial communities associated with multi-nutrient cycling under long-term warming in the alpine meadow","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1834274\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:46:16Z","timestamp":1779342376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1834274\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1834274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1834274","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"article-number":"1834274"}}