{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:34Z","timestamp":1788156934091,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Efficient genetic transformation is essential for the delivery of the CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing system and thus represents an important technology for breeding-oriented research in barley (\n                      <jats:italic>Hordeum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.). However, transformation and plant regeneration from tissue culture remain challenging in non-model barley genotypes. Previous studies demonstrated that expression of a chimeric fusion between two interacting transcription factors, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GRF4) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (GIF1), enhances regeneration capacity in wheat and other species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we evaluated the effect of the wheat-derived\n                      <jats:italic>GRF4-GIF1<\/jats:italic>\n                      morphogenic regulators on biolistic transformation and genome editing efficiency in three commercial barley cultivars: Tselinniy 5, Aley, and G-23035.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The JD633 construct carrying GRF4-GIF1 enabled recovery of stable transformants in all three genotypes, with efficiencies ranging from 2.5% to 5%, whereas the control construct lacking morphogenic regulators resulted in no transgenic events in any of the tested varieties. Among transformed T\n                      <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                      plantlets, genome editing efficiency reached 64.3%, with predominantly biallelic mutations that were stably inherited in the T\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      generation. Molecular screening revealed the presence of plasmid-free edited plants in the T\n                      <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                      generation, likely arising from transient\n                      <jats:italic>Cas9<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression, and provided evidence of tissue chimerism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results demonstrate that the\n                      <jats:italic>GRF-GIF<\/jats:italic>\n                      system facilitates genome editing, providing a practical framework for accelerating precision breeding in barley.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1837794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:39:19Z","timestamp":1788154759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of wheat GRF4-GIF1 morphogenic regulators on transformation and genome editing efficiency in elite barley cultivars"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina M.","family":"Timonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina A.","family":"Kiseleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihail A.","family":"Nesterov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna V.","family":"Korotkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina G.","family":"Adonina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex V.","family":"Kochetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena A.","family":"Salina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS","place":["Novosibirsk, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioteChadv.2023.108248","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals \u2013 current status, improvements, and perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Ahmar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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