{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:05:41Z","timestamp":1789441541443,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The genus\n                    <jats:italic>Abelmoschus<\/jats:italic>\n                    includes cultivated okra (\n                    <jats:italic>A. esculentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and diverse wild species and is of considerable value as an edible and medicinal resource. However, accurate species identification remains difficult due to their morphological similarity and complex taxonomic history. In this study, we compared 14 agronomic traits and the composition of eight target flavonoids in pods across 117 accessions representing seven\n                    <jats:italic>Abelmoschus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species grown under the same field conditions and evaluated their potential utility as chemotaxonomic indicators. Morphological trait analysis mainly separated the cultivated species from the wild species, but provided limited resolution among closely related or morphologically similar taxa. However, flavonoid profiling using UPLC\u2013MS\/MS revealed compositional differences that were broadly consistent with species identities in the accessions examined. In particular, hyperoside and rutin exhibited the strongest discriminatory signals among the compounds examined. Multivariate analysis further indicated that flavonoid profiles tended to separate the morphologically similar\n                    <jats:italic>A. esculentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. caillei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and supported the presence of three major compositional clusters across the analyzed accessions. Although the number of accessions was limited for some species, these results suggest that targeted flavonoid profiling can complement conventional morphology-based classification. These findings provide a basis for the chemotaxonomic evaluation of\n                    <jats:italic>Abelmoschus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genetic resources and may inform future breeding strategies and functional resource utilization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1860412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:29:38Z","timestamp":1785734978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrative analysis of morphological traits and targeted flavonoid profiles reveals chemotaxonomic signatures in Abelmoschus species"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yoon-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA)","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bum-Soo","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA)","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA)","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aejin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA)","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonseok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA)","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Wang","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA)","place":["Jeonju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115722","article-title":"Phytochemical profiling of three Amaranthus species using LC-MS\/MS metabolomic approach and chemometric tools","volume":"236","author":"Abdel-Moez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-024-01566-9","article-title":"Chemotaxonomy compared to morphological and anatomical taxonomy of five Hibiscus species","volume":"137","author":"Abdelfattah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3923\/ijar.2007.750.753","article-title":"Genetic studies on earliness in West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei [A. Chev] Stevels)","volume":"2","author":"Adeniji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1489-2","article-title":"Differentiation of Ficus deltoidea varieties and chemical marker determination by UHPLC-TOFMS metabolomics for establishing quality control criteria of this popular Malaysian medicinal herb","volume":"15","author":"Afzan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.03.014","article-title":"Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins","volume":"110","author":"Arapitsas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112843","article-title":"Analysis of prenylflavonoids from aerial parts of Epimedium grandiflorum and dietary supplements using HPTLC, UHPLC-PDA and UHPLC-QToF along with chemometric tools to differentiate Epimedium species","volume":"177","author":"Bae","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17693","article-title":"Integrating genomics and multiplatform metabolomics enables metabolite quantitative trait loci detection in breeding\u2010relevant apple germplasm","volume":"232","author":"Bilbrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14081220","article-title":"Analysis of variations in the flavonoid profiles of Cuscuta campestris and Cuscuta epithymum in Bulgaria as a potential chemotaxonomical marker","volume":"14","author":"Chakarova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3406\/jatba.1940.1536","article-title":"L'origine, la culture et les usages de cinq Hibiscus de la section Abelmoschus (\u00e0 suivre)","volume":"20","author":"Chevalier","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. d'agriculture traditionnelle botanique appliqu\u00e9e"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5555\/20143265689","article-title":"Ontogenesis of West African okra (Abelmoschus. caillei) (A. chev) and conventional okra (Abelmoschus. esculentus) (L. Moench) varieties and its effects on fresh pod yield in Umudike in southeastern Nigeria in 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons","volume":"4","author":"Chinatu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00257-9","article-title":"Effect of Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. on immunomodulation: in vivo experimental animal models","volume":"7","author":"Dashputre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1290868","article-title":"Identification of the main flavonoids of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medik and their metabolites in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"14","author":"Diao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4314\/jgsa.v12i1.56808","article-title":"Numerical taxonomy and morphological variation of cultivated okra species (Abelmoschus esculentus and A. caillei) in Ghana","volume":"12","author":"Essilfie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ghana Sci. Assoc."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9376-4","article-title":"Comparative metabolite profiling and fingerprinting of genus Passiflora leaves using a multiplex approach of UPLC-MS and NMR analyzed by chemometric tools","volume":"408","author":"Farag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1515\/cerce-2016-0033","article-title":"Ga3 assisted seed dormancy breaking in Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. subsp. moschatus","volume":"49","author":"Gogoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cercet\u0103ri Agronomice N. Moldova"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.02.002","article-title":"Metabolite identification strategy of non-targeted metabolomics and its application for the identification of components in Chinese multicomponent medicine Abelmoschus manihot L","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2011.07.012","article-title":"Chemotaxonomy and flavonoid profiling of Torilis species by HPLC\/ESI\/MS3","volume":"39","author":"G\u00fczel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"173","article-title":"Characterization and evaluation of okra","volume-title":"The Use of Plant Genetic Resources","author":"Hamon","year":"1989"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"350","article-title":"Okra Abelmoschus esculentus, A. caillei, A. manihot, A. moschatus (Malvaceae)","volume-title":"Evolution of Crop Plants","author":"Hamon","year":"1995"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Genres nouveaux et genres discut\u00e9s de la famille des Malvac\u00e9es","volume":"2","author":"Hochreutiner","year":"1924","journal-title":"Candollea"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.09.022","article-title":"Nutritional, antinutritional and antioxidant assessment of immature Abelmoschus pods: Implications for crop improvement from cultivated and wild varieties","volume":"174","author":"Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14010119","article-title":"Phytochemical characterisation of Sorbus species: Unveiling flavonoid profiles related to ploidy and hybrid origin","volume":"14","author":"Kori\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6818","article-title":"Chemical constituents, clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot flowers in treatment of kidney diseases","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01068","article-title":"Traditional uses, chemical constituents, biological properties, clinical settings, and toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Luan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2024.23.2.2587","article-title":"Phenology and performance of okra (Abelmoschus Spp.) morphotypes from Benin","volume":"23","author":"Marcelline","year":"2024","journal-title":"World"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/19315260.2019.1597801","article-title":"Nutraceutical and antioxidant evaluation of Abelmoschus taxa","volume":"25","author":"Mohite","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16602","article-title":"Genome architecture and genetic diversity of allopolyploid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)","volume":"118","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/swj.v5i1.61484","article-title":"Ethnobotanical studies of west african okra [ Abelmoschus caillei (a. Chev) stevels ] from some tribes of south western Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Osawaru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"240","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and nutritional potential of two species of Okra: Abelmoschus caillei and Abemonchus moschatus","volume":"5","author":"Pascal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Eng. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.22244\/rheedea.2015.25.01.03","article-title":"A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae)","volume":"25","author":"Patil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheedea"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.29369\/ijrbat.2018.01.i.0077","article-title":"Numerical taxonomy of Abelmoschus medik.(Malvaceae) in India","volume":"22","author":"Patil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22377\/ijgp.v11i04.1340","article-title":"Phytopharmacology of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.: A review","volume":"11","author":"Pawar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Green Pharm."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad269","article-title":"Integrated genetic and metabolic characterization of Latin American cassava (Manihot esculenta) germplasm","volume":"192","author":"Perez-Fons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.05.053","article-title":"Evolutionary insights into the nature of plant domestication","volume":"29","author":"Purugganan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11110763","article-title":"Metabolomics and molecular networking to characterize the chemical space of four Momordica plant species","volume":"11","author":"Ramabulana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20935\/acadbiol7856","article-title":"Morphological traits of Abelmoschus species and matK gene-based distinct barcodes for A. enbeepeegeearensis and A. tetraphyllus","volume":"3","author":"Regi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Academia Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-008045382-8.00211-2","article-title":"Metabolomics reviewed: a new \u201comics\u201d platform technology for systems biology and implications for natural products research","volume":"68","author":"Rochfort","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-026-08857-4","article-title":"Integrating morphological and phytochemical characters in understanding the taxonomic relationship within some Ipomoea L. species","volume":"26","author":"Salim","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8070587","article-title":"Characterization of okra species, their hybrids and crossability relationships among Abelmoschus species of the Western Ghats Region","volume":"8","author":"Sandeep","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.08.013","article-title":"Flavonol glycosides in the petal of Rosa species as chemotaxonomic markers","volume":"107","author":"Sarangowa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00028327","article-title":"West african okra-Morphological and cytogenetical indications for the existence of a natural amphidiploid of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and A. manihot (L.) Medikus","volume":"31","author":"Siemonsma","year":"1982","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14193059","article-title":"Chemotaxonomic insights into Korean Daphne spp. and Wikstroemia spp. by integrating flavonoid contents with ecological factors","volume":"14","author":"Son","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.5040\/9781350285958","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Brassica genebank germplasm confirms taxonomic identity and reveals low levels and source of taxonomic errors","volume":"20","author":"Steadman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Genet. Resour."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5962\/p.276378","article-title":"Une nouvelle combinaison dans Abelmoschus Medik.(Malvaceae), un gombo d'Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale","volume":"10","author":"Stevels","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull. du Mus\u00e9um Natl. d'histoire naturelle. Section B. Adansonia"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Malesian malvaceae revised","volume":"14","author":"Van Borssum Waalkes","year":"1966","journal-title":"Blumea: Biodivers. Evol. Biogeogr. Plants"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhad120","article-title":"The genome of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) provides insights into its genome evolution and high nutrient content","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134966","article-title":"Response surface methodology optimization and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS analysis on ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and their antioxidant activity","volume":"405","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-015-0259-x","article-title":"Molecular systematics of Abelmoschus (Malvaceae) and genetic diversity within the cultivated species of this genus based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast rpL16 sequence data","volume":"63","author":"Werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"B49","volume-title":"Genus Abelmoschus Medik. In India: An Illustrated Guide for Species Identification","author":"Yadav","year":"2014"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060483","article-title":"Identification and quantification of flavonoids in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and antiproliferative activity in vitro of four main components identified","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19441-1","article-title":"Metabolite signatures of diverse Camellia sinensis tea populations","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111628","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory\/anti-oxidant properties and the UPLC-QTOF\/MS-based metabolomics discrimination of three yellow camellia species","volume":"160","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1860412\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:29:40Z","timestamp":1785734980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1860412\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1860412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1860412","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"article-number":"1860412"}}