{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:18:03Z","timestamp":1791566283764,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIDER\/13\/0051\/L-11\/NCBR\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIDER\/13\/0051\/L-11\/NCBR\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Siderophore-producing bacteria and their metabolites represent promising components of next-generation biofertilizers, yet their effects on plant physiology and soil microbiome structure remain insufficiently understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed a liquid biofertilizer based on siderophores and siderophore-accompanying metabolites (SSAM) produced by\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. ANT_H12B and formulated with molasses as an organic carrier. Its effects on sweet basil (\n                      <jats:italic>Ocimum basilicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) were evaluated by assessing plant growth, photosynthetic performance, lipid peroxidation, elemental composition, soil enzyme activities, and bacterial community structure using full-length 16S rRNA nanopore sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combined SSAM+molasses formulation significantly enhanced plant growth, increasing leaf dry biomass by nearly 180%, leaf number by more than 300%, and stem length by approximately 40\u201350% compared with untreated plants. Improved plant performance was accompanied by enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (F\n                      <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/F\n                      <jats:sub>M<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and a marked reduction in oxidative stress, as reflected by nearly 50% lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the molasses-only treatment. Although elemental analysis revealed no major disturbances in plant nutrient balance among treatments, soil supplementation with the combined formulation strongly affected rhizosphere functioning and microbiome composition. In particular, the SSAM+molasses treatment coincided with approximately 35\u201350% higher \u03b2-glucosidase and dehydrogenase activities and clear shifts in microbial community structure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that molasses-enriched siderophore metabolites may act as effective biostimulants by promoting plant growth and mitigating oxidative stress, partly through modulation of rhizosphere microbiome structure and function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1879696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T05:32:58Z","timestamp":1786599178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molasses-amended siderophore biofertilizer reshapes the rhizosphere microbiome, promotes growth and reduces lipid peroxidation in Ocimum basilicum L"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Musia\u0142owski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Agricultural and Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bernatowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Agricultural and Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ucja","family":"Kowalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Goszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Agricultural and Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin","place":["Turin, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Celletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin","place":["Turin, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin","place":["Turin, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"D\u0119biec-Andrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Agricultural and Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry","author":"Alef","year":"1995"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12609","article-title":"Liquid biofertilizers as a sustainable solution for agriculture","volume":"8","author":"Allouzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.670308","article-title":"Interaction between sulfur and iron in plants","volume":"12","author":"Astolfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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