{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:17:58Z","timestamp":1787851078368,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Barley powdery mildew, caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Blumeria hordei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , leads to economic losses worldwide. Here,\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    analyses and proof-of-concept experiments were conducted to determine if specific plant-derived synthetic microRNAs (miRNAs) may be considered as a new direction for the control of barley powdery mildew. Previous studies have demonstrated that barley miRNAs regulate plant immunity against\n                    <jats:italic>B. hordei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Based on the predicted targets of stress-responsive miRNAs in barley, four miRNAs that are upregulated during biotic stresses were selected and applied through Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS). Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) constructs were designed and synthesized for the four selected miRNAs and sprayed on detached barley leaf segments that were subsequently infected with\n                    <jats:italic>B. hordei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Visual disease symptoms and the\n                    <jats:italic>B. hordei<\/jats:italic>\n                    micro-colony index were significantly reduced in the treated leaf segments compared to the control. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a significant reduction in the relative\n                    <jats:italic>B. hordei<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA abundance six days post infection. These results confirmed that the selected plant-derived synthetic miRNAs suppress the development of barley powdery mildew under experimental conditions. This is the first study to show that plant-derived, stress-responsive synthetic miRNAs reduced infection caused by fungal pathogens when applied through SIGS. Our approach could be applied in further experiments focusing on functional analyses of miRNAs in a time-efficient manner, and without requiring miRNA overexpression via genetic transformation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1885955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:23:24Z","timestamp":1787847804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plant-derived, stress-responsive microRNA mimics reduce powdery mildew infections of barley"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Aftab","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Crop Health, School of Science, Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Southern Queensland","place":["Toowoomba, QLD, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinza","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Crop Health, School of Science, Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Southern Queensland","place":["Toowoomba, QLD, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Idnurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Vaghefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, VIC, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levente","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Crop Health, School of Science, Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Southern Queensland","place":["Toowoomba, QLD, Australia"]},{"name":"Food and Wine Research Centre, Eszterh\u00e1zy K\u00e1roly Catholic University","place":["Eger, Hungary"]},{"name":"Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180493","article-title":"From stability to persistence: Insights into nanoparticle-formulated dsRNA in RNAi-based fungal disease control","volume":"1001","author":"Al Mamun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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