{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:23:57Z","timestamp":1787207037008,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice from a selenium (Se)-enriched area is a global environmental issue. Due to its widespread presence and potential transfer through the food chain, it poses a significant threat to human health. Se, as an essential micronutrient for humans, reduces the Cd uptake of rice and mitigates the toxicity of Cd. The application of optimized soil conditioners has emerged as a promising agronomic strategy to mitigate Cd accumulation in rice grains while enhancing Se biofortification, leveraging the interactive mechanisms of Se\u2013Cd antagonism in the soil\u2013rice system. Based on the results of pot experiments, this study employed a uniform design method to optimize the formulation ratios of four materials. The results showed that soil conditioners have a significant positive impact on rice growth in Cd-contaminated soil. The application of soil conditioners could effectively reduce the available Cd concentration in slightly Cd-contaminated rice soils in a Se-enriched area of Jiangxi Province and regulate the enrichment coefficient and the transport coefficient of soil Cd and Se in various organs of rice. The theoretically optimal formulation predicted by the regression model was: lime, 1,500 kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; Ca\u2013Mg\u2013P fertilizer, 7,500 kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; and sodium humate, 870\u00a0kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The experiment found that the T3 treatment was the most effective at inhibiting Cd accumulation and promoting Se accumulation. The formulation for the T3 treatment was: lime, 750\u00a0kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; Ca\u2013Mg\u2013P fertilizer, 6,000 kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; sodium humate, 4,500 kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; and zeolite, 0\u00a0kg hm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The application of T3 soil conditioner maximizes the reduction of Cd and increases the concentration of Se in rice grains, significantly enhancing rice yield. With the application of T3 soil conditioner, the estimate of the average soil available Cd concentration was 0.13 mg\/kg. Compared with the control, the T3 soil conditioner reduced the available Cd concentrations by 43.4%. In addition, the T3 soil conditioner increased the available Se concentration by 0.0192 mg\/kg compared with the control group. This enables high-yield cultivation of rice in Cd-polluted farmland with Se-enriched soil.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1887305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T05:29:06Z","timestamp":1787203746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soil conditioners promote cadmium reduction and selenium enrichment in rice: formulation process, effects, and mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jingshang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement\/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Nanchang, 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement\/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjin","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement\/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiren","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement\/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Water Resources and Environmental Design, CSCEC AECOM Consultants Co., Ltd","place":["Xian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wuhan, 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