{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:23:10Z","timestamp":1788535390640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chlorophyll a (Chla) and chlorophyll b (Chlb) in plant leaves play distinct physiological and ecological roles, but most portable chlorophyll meters, such as SPAD meters, mainly provide relative chlorophyll indices rather than the individual contents of Chla and Chlb\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf conditions. This limitation restricts the acquisition of component-specific pigment information from living leaves and reduces the usefulness of field measurements for validating satellite-derived vegetation biochemical parameters. One key difficulty is that the spectral responses of the two pigments are highly overlapped\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , making it difficult to quantitatively characterize their individual absorption contributions and determine suitable sensitive bands for low-cost optical detection. In this study, a Beer\u2013Lambert-inspired pseudo-absorption framework was developed to characterize and effectively separate the overlapping absorption-related spectral responses of Chla and Chlb in leaves of broadleaf species under\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    conditions. Unlike conventional spectral-index-based approaches, the proposed method provided a physically interpretable empirical basis for sensitive-band selection. Using leaf hyperspectral data, 700 nm and 650 nm were identified as the sensitive bands for Chla and Chlb, respectively, while 900 nm was selected as the reference band for optical path normalization. The algorithm achieved RMSE values of 3.001 \u03bcg\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Chla and 1.805 \u03bcg\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Chlb. Based on the selected bands and optimized channel bandwidths, a low-cost, non-destructive detector for leaf Chla and Chlb contents, named CabD, was developed by integrating controllable spectral generation from multi-band light sources with photoelectric detection. Validation showed that CabD achieved RMSE values of 1.743 \u03bcg\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Chla and 0.871 \u03bcg\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Chlb, respectively, with relative accuracy values of 94.746% and 92.789%.\n                    <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    validation using 84 intact leaves yielded RMSE values of 2.245 and 1.530 \u03bcg\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>-2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with corresponding relative accuracies of 93.86% and 90.24% for Chla and Chlb, respectively. These results demonstrate that the Beer\u2013Lambert-inspired pseudo-absorption framework can support a physically interpretable empirical strategy for sensitive-band selection in low-cost\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    chlorophyll detector design. The developed CabD provides a practical tool for non-destructive acquisition of component-specific chlorophyll information and can support field monitoring and remote sensing validation of vegetation biochemical parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1887710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:54:18Z","timestamp":1788533658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An algorithm for effectively separating overlapping spectra of chlorophyll a and b in in vivo broadleaf leaves and the development of a low-cost non-destructive detector for their contents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Application, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Application, Zhejiang University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Negrow Technology Co., Ltd.","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Negrow Technology Co., Ltd.","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00014-5","article-title":"Biophysical and biochemical sources of variability in canopy reflectance","volume":"64","author":"Asner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18521620505","article-title":"Bestimmung der absorption des rothen lichts in farbigen fl\u00fcssigkeiten","volume":"162","author":"Beer","year":"1852","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-4257(98)00059-5","article-title":"Quantifying chlorophylls and carotenoids at leaf and canopy scales","volume":"66","author":"Blackburn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/014311698215919","article-title":"Spectral indices for estimating photosynthetic pigment concentrations: a test using senescent tree leaves","volume":"19","author":"Blackburn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(99)00048-6","article-title":"Relationships between spectral reflectance and pigment concentrations in stacks of deciduous broadleaves","volume":"70","author":"Blackburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erl123","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of plant pigments","volume":"58","author":"Blackburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(00)00197-8","article-title":"Comparing prediction power and stability of broadband and hyperspectral vegetation indices for estimation of green leaf area index and canopy chlorophyll density","volume":"76","author":"Broge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169408954109","article-title":"Ratios of leaf reflectances in narrow wavebands as indicators of plant stress","volume":"15","author":"Carter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(92)90089-3","article-title":"Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS): an algorithm for the remote estimation of the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in soybean leaves","volume":"39","author":"Chappelle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-0063.2013.06.009","article-title":"Study on correlation characteristics between bands of hyperspectral images","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Daqing Normal Univ."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(89)90069-2","article-title":"Remote sensing of foliar chemistry","volume":"30","author":"Curran","year":"1989","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7063","DOI":"10.3390\/s110707063","article-title":"Evaluation of Sentinel-2 red-edge bands for empirical estimation of green LAI and chlorophyll content","volume":"11","author":"Delegido","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-015-0537-2","article-title":"Influence of spectral bandwidth and position on chlorophyll content retrieval at leaf and canopy levels","volume":"44","author":"Dian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc Remote Sens."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.05.002","article-title":"Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance","volume":"113","author":"Di Vittorio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222706","article-title":"Assessment of portable chlorophyll meters for measuring crop leaf chlorophyll concentration","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344552","article-title":"Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife","volume":"7","author":"Efron","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13921","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.387660","article-title":"Dynamic prediction of optical and chromatic performances for a light-emitting diode array based on a thermal-electrical-spectral model","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.02.012","article-title":"PROSPECT-4 and 5: advances in the leaf optical properties model separating photosynthetic pigments","volume":"112","author":"Feret","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1080\/014311698215441","article-title":"On spectral estimates of fresh leaf biochemistry","volume":"19","author":"Fourty","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1078\/0176-1617-00887","article-title":"Relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance and algorithms for non-destructive chlorophyll assessment in higher plant leaves","volume":"160","author":"Gitelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(93)06963-4","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of chlorophyll-a using reflectance spectra: experiments with autumn chestnut and maple leaves","volume":"22","author":"Gitelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122133","article-title":"Ground-based hyperspectral estimation of maize leaf chlorophyll content considering phenological characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2006.01.029","article-title":"Photosynthetic characteristics and protective mechanisms against photooxidation during high temperature stress in two citrus species","volume":"108","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15041100","article-title":"Fresh yield estimation of spring tea via spectral differences in UAV hyperspectral images from unpicked and picked canopies","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj13.0322","article-title":"Chlorophyll meter calibrations for chlorophyll content using measured and simulated leaf transmittances","volume":"106","author":"Hunt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702884429869","article-title":"The effect of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and linearity improvement in NIR spectroscopy","volume":"42","author":"Isaksson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(90)90100-Z","article-title":"PROSPECT: a model of leaf optical properties spectra","volume":"34","author":"Jacquemoud","year":"1990","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479798343033","article-title":"Effect of shade on photosynthetic pigments in the tropical root crops: yam, taro, tannia, cassava and sweet potato","volume":"34","author":"Johnston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Agric."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052699","article-title":"Design and implementation of a low-cost chlorophyll content meter","volume":"23","author":"Kamarianakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2813","article-title":"Visualizing samples with box plots","volume":"11","author":"Krzywinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"350","article-title":"Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Lichtenthaler","year":"1987"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0110591","article-title":"Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents","volume":"11","author":"Lichtenthaler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc Trans."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25072198","article-title":"Evaluation of low-cost multi-spectral sensors for measuring chlorophyll levels across diverse leaf types","volume":"25","author":"Lopin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.16854\/j.cnki.1000-0712.2006.01.015","article-title":"Observation of chlorophyll absorption spectra","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Coll. Phys."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160600762990","article-title":"Applicability of the PROSPECT model for Norway spruce needles","volume":"27","author":"Malenovsk\u00fd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-009-0031-6","article-title":"Relationship between specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf water content and SPAD-502 readings in six Amazonian tree species","volume":"47","author":"Marenco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vibspec.2005.03.003","article-title":"On art and science in curve-fitting vibrational spectra","volume":"39","author":"Meier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vib. Spectrosc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019823303951","article-title":"Does a leaf absorb radiation in the near infrared (780\u2013900 nm) region? a new approach to quantifying optical reflection, absorption and transmission of leaves","volume":"72","author":"Merzlyak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.27.1.69","article-title":"Inherent limitations of nondestructive chlorophyll meters: a comparison of two types of meters","volume":"27","author":"Monje","year":"1992","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112585","article-title":"Spectral estimation of in vivo wheat chlorophyll a\/b ratio under contrasting water availabilities","volume":"14","author":"Mulero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1606413","article-title":"Development of a handheld chlorophyll content detector on wheat and maize leaves based on RGB sensor","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12324","article-title":"In situ measurement of leaf chlorophyll concentration: analysis of the optical\/absolute relationship","volume":"37","author":"Parry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.10.019","article-title":"A note on upscaling coniferous needle spectra to shoot spectral albedo","volume":"117","author":"Rautiainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)00114-3","article-title":"Estimating PAR absorbed by vegetation from bidirectional reflectance measurements","volume":"51","author":"Roujean","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1236","article-title":"Anomaly detection by robust statistics","volume":"8","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"2018","journal-title":"WIREs Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00010-X","article-title":"Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages","volume":"81","author":"Sims","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.06.003","article-title":"A method to account for shoot scale clumping in coniferous canopy reflectance models","volume":"88","author":"Smolander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112176","article-title":"Spectral subdomains and prior estimation of leaf structure improves PROSPECT inversion on reflectance or transmittance alone","volume":"252","author":"Spafford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B49","volume-title":"Plant Physiology and Development","author":"Taiz","year":"2015"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(99)00067-X","article-title":"Hyperspectral vegetation indices and their relationships with agricultural crop characteristics","volume":"71","author":"Thenkabail","year":"2000","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1366\/000370206776342535","article-title":"Physics-based multiplicative scatter correction approaches for improving the performance of calibration models","volume":"60","author":"Thennadil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(79)90013-0","article-title":"Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation","volume":"8","author":"Tucker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-006-9077-5","article-title":"Evaluating the relationship between leaf chlorophyll concentration and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings","volume":"91","author":"Uddling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.10.019","article-title":"Retrieval of foliar information about plant pigment systems from high resolution spectroscopy","volume":"113","author":"Ustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0523:UISTSE]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Using imaging spectroscopy to study ecosystem processes and properties","volume":"54","author":"Ustin","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88678-7","article-title":"Spatial variation and mechanisms of leaf water content in grassland plants at the biome scale: evidence from three comparative transects","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3964\/j.issn.1000-0593(2009)04-1064-05","article-title":"Normalized difference ratio pigment index for estimating chlorophyll and cartenoid contents of in leaves of rice","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectral Anal."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2024.108347","article-title":"HSIS-SIF a high-performance hyperspectral imaging spectrometer for Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence of vegetation","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156129","article-title":"Effects of hyperspectral data with different spectral resolutions on the estimation of soil heavy metal content: From ground-based and airborne data to satellite-simulated data","volume":"838","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2025.114962","article-title":"RSPECT: A PROSPECT-based model incorporating the real structure of rice leaves","volume":"330","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(00)00122-2","article-title":"Monte Carlo cross validation","volume":"56","author":"Xu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemometrics Intelligent Lab. Syst."},{"key":"B62","volume-title":"Ground-Based Infrared Hyperspectral Carbon Dioxide Remote Sensing Detection and Validation of Satellite Products","author":"Yang","year":"2022"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3964\/j.issn.1000-0593(2009)06-1607-04","article-title":"SPAD prediction of leave based on reflection spectroscopy","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectral Anal."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(95)00135-N","article-title":"Predicting nitrogen and chlorophyll content and concentrations from reflectance spectra (400\u20132500 nm) at leaf and canopy scales","volume":"53","author":"Yoder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.25165\/j.ijabe.20211405.6340","article-title":"Stability evaluation of the PROSPECT model for leaf chlorophyll content retrieval","volume":"14","author":"Zhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.16590\/j.cnki.1001-4705.2001.04.052","article-title":"Relationship between ratio of chlorophyll a and b under water stress and drought resistance of different sweet potato varieties","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Seed"},{"key":"B67","article-title":"3D sample stage for indoor spectral measurements and applications","volume-title":"China Patent Application","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06694-y","article-title":"An extended PROSPECT: Advance in the leaf optical properties model separating total chlorophylls into chlorophyll a and b","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22083025","article-title":"PROSPECT-PMP+: Simultaneous retrievals of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and anthocyanins in the leaf optical properties model","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213615","article-title":"Exploring the optical properties of leaf photosynthetic and photo-protective pigments in vivo based on the separation of spectral overlapping","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.3964\/j.issn.1000-0593(2025)10-2720-10","article-title":"Progress of miniaturized Vis\/NIR spectrometers in leaf and fruit nondestructive detection","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectral Anal."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1887710\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:54:26Z","timestamp":1788533666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1887710\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1887710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1887710","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"article-number":"1887710"}}