{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:25:20Z","timestamp":1786980320162,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004561","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BR 28712539, AP26104353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR 28712539, AP26104353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rice is a major staple crop worldwide, and variation in starch composition is a key determinant of grain quality, end-use functionality, and breeding value. Among starch components, amylose content (AC) plays a central role in defining the physicochemical properties of rice grains and reflects the coordinated regulation of starch biosynthesis during endosperm development. This review provides an integrated analysis of amylose variation in rice from a genetics\u2013physiology\u2013breeding perspective, based on a structured literature search using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar covering studies published between 2000 and 2026. The analysis synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular regulation of amylose biosynthesis, with emphasis on the Waxy (\n                    <jats:italic>Wx<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene and associated enzymes within the starch biosynthetic network, as well as on grain filling physiology, source\u2013sink carbon partitioning, and environmental modulation of amylose accumulation. In addition, we examine natural genetic variation across rice germplasm and evaluate breeding strategies, including marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and genome editing approaches, for optimizing amylose content and grain quality. Evidence indicates that amylose accumulation is governed by complex interactions among genetic, physiological, and environmental factors that collectively determine starch structure, grain functionality, and stability across production environments. By linking molecular mechanisms, physiological processes, and breeding strategies, this review provides a framework for the development of rice cultivars with stable amylose profiles, predictable grain quality, and improved adaptation to diverse agroecological conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1891006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:32:27Z","timestamp":1786116747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amylose content in rice: integrating genetics, grain filling physiology, and breeding strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bakdaulet","family":"Usenbekov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB)","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliya","family":"Meldebekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innabat","family":"Sartbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB)","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigul","family":"Amirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saule","family":"Atabayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurlan","family":"Usenbekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB)","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Mynbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB)","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taira","family":"Kurbangaliyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IPBB)","place":["Almaty, Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3934\/agrfood.2024051","article-title":"Profile of the grain physical traits and physicochemical properties of selected Malaysian rice landraces for future use in a breeding program","volume":"9","author":"Abd Rahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIMS Agric. 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