{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:05:05Z","timestamp":1784009105751,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MC014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MC014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-damage seed-preserving peanut shelling robots require real-time recognition of peanut pod quality and orientation to guide sorting and shelling while reducing seed damage.We proposed YOLO-WRCS, a lightweight YOLOv12n-based detector integrating RDWConv, SimAM, CARAFE, and Wise IoU. A dataset of 4,201 images covering five peanut pod classes was used for training and testing. The model was evaluated through ablation experiments, comparison with mainstream detectors, embedded deployment, and cross-variety validation.YOLO-WRCS achieved Precision, Recall, mAP50, and mAP50-95 values of 87.7%, 87.6%, 93.8%, and 92.7%, improving YOLOv12n by 2.2, 5.5, 3.4, and 3.2 percentage points. FLOPs and model size were reduced by 19.0% and 16.4%. On a Jetson Orin Nano platform, the model achieved 93.46% average recognition accuracy at 15.8 FPS and maintained above 90% accuracy across three untrained peanut varieties. YOLO-WRCS improves detection accuracy, lightweight design, and robotic deployment, although head-tail confusion and cross-variety robustness require further improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1892758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:37:39Z","timestamp":1784007459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A lightweight YOLO-WRCS model for peanut pod detection in seed-preserving peanut shelling robots"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yukun","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zecheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University","place":["Liaocheng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Design and simulation analysis of key components of spiral peanut shelling machine","volume-title":"Design and Simulation Analysis of Key Components of Spiral Peanut Shelling Machine","author":"An","year":"2017"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2016.1204744","article-title":"Cerebrovascular and cognitive benefits of high-oleic peanut consumption in healthy overweight middle-aged adults","volume":"20","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. 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