{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:14:53Z","timestamp":1788243293659,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Understanding the mechanisms of plant coexistence and vegetation -groundwater interactions in arid regions is critical for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Groundwater depth is a key factor affecting plant water availability, yet how changes in groundwater accessibility shape the water-use strategies and niche differentiation of coexisting desert species remains unclear. We investigated three typical desert species (\n                    <jats:italic>Haloxylon persicum, Calligonum leucocladum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Haloxylon ammodendron<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the Kalamaili National Park candidate area, Xinjiang, China. Using stable oxygen isotope (\u03b4\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O) techniques combined with a mixing model, we analyzed plant water sources and use strategies across three phenological phases (May: leaf-out; July: peak physiological stress; September: pre-senescence), and examined the effects of groundwater depth on water-use patterns. Soil water isotope composition showed pronounced seasonal variation, with depletion in shallow layers (0 -40 cm) in spring and enrichment in summer and early autumn, while deep layers (100 -300 cm) remained relatively stable. The three species exhibited markedly different water-use strategies:\n                    <jats:italic>H. ammodendron<\/jats:italic>\n                    relied predominantly on groundwater (mean contribution: 37% -73% across seasons);\n                    <jats:italic>C. leucocladum<\/jats:italic>\n                    relied mainly on shallow and middle soil water (29% in spring, 31% in summer), consistent with its shallow but laterally extensive root system;\n                    <jats:italic>H. persicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    used both deep soil water and groundwater, but with lower groundwater dependence. Groundwater use proportion of\n                    <jats:italic>H. ammodendron<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed a significant negative correlation with groundwater depth (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05), while those of the other two species were largely decoupled from groundwater. Our findings suggest that hydrological niche segregation among coexisting desert species may arise from asymmetric groundwater sensitivity --only the phreatophyte closely tracks groundwater fluctuations, whereas others compensate through flexible use of seasonally variable soil water --thereby reducing competition and stabilizing community coexistence. We propose this asymmetric response as a mechanism for transient coexistence or short-term niche differentiation in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, providing a conceptual framework for vegetation restoration and water resource management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1896220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:33:47Z","timestamp":1788240827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water use strategies and coexistence mechanisms of desert plants in relation to groundwater depth: evidence from stable oxygen isotope"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhao Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University)","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"Geological Bureau, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"Geological Bureau, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]},{"name":"Geological Bureau, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region","place":["Urumqi, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Liang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Center of Xinjiang Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve","place":["Changji, Xinjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14403","article-title":"Groundwater drawdown drives ecophysiological adjustments of woody vegetation in a semi-arid coastal ecosystem","volume":"24","author":"Antunes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17857","article-title":"Evidence for distinct isotopic compositions of sap and tissue water in tree stems: consequences for plant water","volume":"233","author":"Barbeta","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13349","article-title":"Signs of stabilisation and stable coexistence","volume":"22","author":"Broekman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. 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