{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:55Z","timestamp":1788156955036,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Viruses are increasingly recognized as integral components of plant-associated biological systems. However, their occurrence and diversity in the reproductive tissues of woody plants remain poorly understood. Birch (\n                      <jats:italic>Betula<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.) produces large quantities of wind-dispersed pollen that can travel over long distances and may harbour viruses or virus-derived nucleic acids originating from the host plant and\/or its associated microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the virome of birch pollen collected from trees growing in central and suburban Berlin, Germany. Metatranscriptomic analyses were performed on pooled pollen samples collected in 2020. These analyses were complemented by RT-PCR screening of individually processed pollen samples collected in 2025 from resampled trees. Primer walking was additionally used to recover an extended genome sequence of a pollen-associated birch toti-like virus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multiple virus-associated contigs were identified in both pooled metatranscriptomic datasets. These included sequences corresponding to the cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), the birch idaeovirus (BIV) and the birch toti-like virus (BTLV), as well as additional virus-like contigs provisionally assigned to lineages related to the\n                      <jats:italic>Orthototiviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Endornaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Chrysoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      families. RT-PCR analysis of individually processed pollen samples confirmed the continued detection of CLRV, BIV, and BTLV within the Berlin sampling framework. A near-complete genome sequence was recovered from a pollen-derived BTLV isolate from Berlin, showing high amino acid sequence identity to a recently described leaf-derived BTLV isolate from the United States.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that birch pollen harbours a diverse assemblage of plant- and\/or microbiome-associated viruses and expand the known tissue distribution and geographic range of BTLV. More broadly, they establish pollen as an underexplored ecological niche for virome research and provide a foundation for future studies on the ecology, transmission dynamics, and epidemiological significance of pollen-associated and pollen-transmitted viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1897449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:41:03Z","timestamp":1788154863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Virome metatranscriptomic profiling of birch pollen reveals a diverse viral community"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Nouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Kutnjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology","place":["Ljubljana, Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Pecman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology","place":["Ljubljana, Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Fernandez Colino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"B\u00fcttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"von Bargen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artemis","family":"Rumbou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2012.02640.x","article-title":"Investigation on cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) pollen transmission through cross-pollination","volume":"62","author":"Ameyaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-111821-122539","article-title":"Cross-kingdom interactions between plant and fungal viruses","volume":"10","author":"Andika","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. 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