{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:26:43Z","timestamp":1787030803901,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zinc is essential for tea plant growth and quality formation, yet its homeostatic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study identified metal transporter families regulating zinc homeostasis, analyzed their evolution, structure, and expression, and clarified zinc uptake, transport, detoxification networks, and their links to metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified zinc homeostasis-related metal transporter families in the tea plant genome, characterized their structural features and expression profiles across tissues and developmental stages through integrative bioinformatics and transcriptomic analyses, and delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying zinc uptake, translocation, and detoxification by systematically integrating published evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identified 74 metal transporter genes from six families: 13\n                      <jats:italic>CsZIPs<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 12\n                      <jats:italic>CsNRAMPs<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 10\n                      <jats:italic>CsHMAs<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 10\n                      <jats:italic>CsYSLs<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 14\n                      <jats:italic>CsMTPs<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and 15\n                      <jats:italic>CsCAXs<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the \u2018Shuchazao2\u2019 genome, revealing closer affinity to woody species than to\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These proteins exhibit conserved domains, diverse subcellular localizations (cell membrane, vacuole, chloroplast, and Golgi apparatus), and tissue-specific expression with abundant stress\/hormone-responsive\n                      <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -elements. At the plant-soil interface, tea plants mobilize rhizospheric zinc via proton and organic acid secretion; CsYSLs, CsNRAMPs, and CsZIPs mediate zinc uptake, aided by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that expand root absorption zones. Xylem CsHMAs and phloem CsYSLs coordinate root-to-shoot zinc translocation, and vacuolar transporters (CsMTPs, CsCAXs), cell wall immobilization, and antioxidant systems alleviate high-zinc stress injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings collectively delineate an integrated zinc \u201cacquisition-distribution-buffering\u201d network in tea plants, offering a repertoire of candidate genes with potential utility in zinc biofortification breeding and improving acid soil adaptation. Further experimental validation, including tea\u00a0transgenesis, zinc-stress qRT-PCR, and heterologous functional complementation, is essential to substantiate their biological roles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1901777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1787027314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic mining and characterization of metal transporter families regulating zinc homeostasis provide insights into metal homeostasis in Camellia sinensis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanchuan District\u2019s Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center of Chongqing Municipality","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huarong","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianyu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-009-9255-4","article-title":"Soil factors associated with zinc deficiency in crops and humans","volume":"31","author":"Alloway","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. 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