{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:50:58Z","timestamp":1792547458306,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Microplastics are persistent contaminants of agricultural soils and may affect soil structure, microbial activity, nutrient cycling, crop growth, and the quality of plant-derived foods. Wheat (\n                    <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) deserves specific attention because it is a major staple crop, develops an extensive fibrous root system in cultivated soil, and produces grain that is consumed directly by humans. These characteristics create a close connection among soil contamination, rhizosphere processes, crop performance, and possible food-chain exposure. Unlike broader reviews of microplastics in crops, this review follows the pathway from particle entry into wheat-growing soils to transport, transformation, rhizosphere interactions, wheat responses, and possible contamination of edible grain. The movement and effects of microplastics depend on particle size, shape, polymer type, density, surface properties, aging, soil texture, mineral composition, organic matter, water movement, root activity, and soil organisms. Available studies show that plastic particles can alter root development, nutrient acquisition, oxidative balance, photosynthesis, biomass, and yield, although the direction and magnitude of these effects differ among experimental conditions. Evidence for root internalization and vascular transport is strongest for nanoplastics and submicrometer particles under controlled conditions. Direct field evidence for the accumulation of larger microplastics in mature wheat grain remains limited. Important research gaps include the scarcity of field measurements, the use of unrealistic exposure concentrations, poor separation of microplastic and nanoplastic evidence, uncertain root-to-grain transfer, and the lack of standardized analytical methods. Future research should combine realistic field exposure, aged and mixed-polymer particles, multi-season experiments, advanced particle tracing, and contamination-controlled analysis of wheat tissues and grain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1906511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:29:01Z","timestamp":1785832141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fate, transport, and biological impacts of microplastics in agricultural soil-wheat systems: from soil movement to food safety"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Umair","family":"Sarfraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinkai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2022.101611","article-title":"Quantifying the trophic transfer of sub-micron plastics in an assembled food chain","volume":"46","author":"Abdolahpur Monikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143536","article-title":"Plastic biodegradation: Frontline microbes and their enzymes","volume":"759","author":"Amobonye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2022.101611","article-title":"Effects of microplastics on soil microorganisms and microbial functions in nutrients and carbon cycling\u2014a review","volume":"924","author":"Aralappanavar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-018-0140-6","article-title":"Effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on the microbiota and functional diversity of enzymes in soil","volume":"30","author":"Awet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foohum.2024.100333","article-title":"Do we unknowingly eat breakfast that contains microplastics? Unveiling the microplastic contamination in commercial flour","volume":"3","author":"Aysha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food. Humanit."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11112935","article-title":"Uptake and accumulation of nano\/microplastics in plants: a critical review","volume":"11","author":"Azeem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00819","article-title":"Biodegradable plastic mulch films: Impacts on soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions","volume":"9","author":"Bandopadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150553","article-title":"Stress response to oxytetracycline and microplastic-polyethylene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during seed germination and seedling growth stages","volume":"806","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.137082","article-title":"Mechanisms of microplastic generation from polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizers (PC-CRFs)","volume":"486","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.086","article-title":"Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources","volume":"612","author":"Bl\u00e4sing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11496","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03304","article-title":"Effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems: Above and below ground","volume":"53","author":"Boots","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.02.040","article-title":"Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan City, China: preliminary research and first evidence","volume":"225","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w12051346","article-title":"Effect of plastic film residue on vertical infiltration under different initial soil moisture contents and dry bulk densities","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125271","article-title":"Mixing effect of polylactic acid microplastic and straw residue on soil property and ecological function","volume":"243","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174697","article-title":"The fate of post-use biodegradable PBAT-based mulch films buried in agricultural soil","volume":"948","author":"Convertino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.368","article-title":"Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal","volume":"671","author":"Corradini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138334","article-title":"Transfer and transport of microplastics from biosolids to agricultural soils and the wider environment","volume":"724","author":"Crossman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp3.10430","article-title":"A nationwide assessment of microplastic abundance in agricultural soils: the influence of plastic crop covers within the United Kingdom","volume":"6","author":"Cusworth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants People Planet"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14020","article-title":"Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"24","author":"de Souza MaChado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9656","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02212","article-title":"Impacts of microplastics on the soil biophysical environment","volume":"52","author":"de Souza MaChado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01339","article-title":"Microplastics can change soil properties and affect plant performance","volume":"53","author":"de Souza MaChado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2022.104694","article-title":"Microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer altered soil properties and bacterial community in a Cd-contaminated soil","volume":"183","author":"Diao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.111899","article-title":"Effect of microplastics and arsenic on nutrients and microorganisms in rice rhizosphere soil","volume":"211","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006","article-title":"Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: A source of microplastics in the environment","volume":"104","author":"Dris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. pollut. Bull."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-015-0069-y","article-title":"Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: Sources (with a specific focus on personal care products), fate and effects","volume":"28","author":"Duis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135634","article-title":"Response of soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities to the accumulation of microplastics in an acid cropped soil","volume":"707","author":"Fei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14152426","article-title":"Interacting effects of heat and nanoplastics affect wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) seedling growth and physiology","volume":"14","author":"Fontanini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136592","article-title":"Microplastic-induced changes in Cd and Cr behavior in the agricultural soil\u2013wheat system: Insights into metal bioavailability and phytotoxicity","volume":"482","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172555","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the effects of microplastics and nitrogen on maize and wheat: growth, redox homeostasis, photosynthesis, and AsA-GSH cycle","volume":"932","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10090441","article-title":"Microbial degradation of (micro)plastics: mechanisms, enhancements, and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4916","article-title":"Microplastic addition alters the microbial community structure and stimulates soil carbon dioxide emissions in vegetable-growing soil","volume":"40","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237839","article-title":"Synthetic microfiber emissions to land rival those to waterbodies and are growing","volume":"15","author":"Gavigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150238","article-title":"In-field degradation of soil-biodegradable plastic mulch films in a Mediterranean climate","volume":"806","author":"Griffin-LaHue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.03.019","article-title":"The chemical behaviors of microplastics in marine environment: A review","volume":"142","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. pollut. Bull."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108508","article-title":"Microplastics alter soil structure and microbial community composition","volume":"185","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154989","article-title":"Horizontal transport of macro- and microplastics on soil surface by rainfall-induced surface runoff as affected by vegetations","volume":"831","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4714","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00635","article-title":"Plastic bag derived-microplastics as a vector for metal exposure in terrestrial invertebrates","volume":"51","author":"Hodson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138901","article-title":"Effects of residual plastic-film mulch on field corn growth and productivity","volume":"729","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05478","article-title":"Microplastics in the terrestrial ecosystem: implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)","volume":"50","author":"Huerta Lwanga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.047","article-title":"Polyethylene microplastics influence the transport of organic contaminants in soil","volume":"657","author":"H\u00fcffer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2022.104680","article-title":"Impacts of soil microplastics on crops: a review","volume":"181","author":"Iqbal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26395940.2025.2478198","article-title":"Impact of polypropylene microplastics and lead on wheat germination and seedling growth","volume":"37","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. pollut. Bioavailab."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-011-0068-3","article-title":"Polyethylene and biodegradable mulches for agricultural applications: a review","volume":"32","author":"Kasirajan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115653","article-title":"Microplastics could be a threat to plants in terrestrial systems directly or indirectly","volume":"267","author":"Khalid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.117006","article-title":"Abundance, spatial distribution, and characteristics of microplastics in agricultural soils and their relationship with contributing factors","volume":"328","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105331","article-title":"Effects of degradable and non-degradable microplastics and oxytetracycline co-exposure on soil N2O and CO2 emissions","volume":"197","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105343","article-title":"Soil microplastics: impacts on greenhouse gasses emissions, carbon cycling, microbial diversity, and soil characteristics","volume":"197","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101265","article-title":"Wear and tear of tyres: A stealthy source of microplastics in the environment","volume":"14","author":"Kole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43591-021-00010-2","article-title":"Tracing the horizontal transport of microplastics on rough surfaces","volume":"1","author":"Laermanns","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microplast. Nanoplast."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.125871","article-title":"Effect of microplastics on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycle in farmland soil: a meta-analysis","volume":"370","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0344-y","article-title":"Soil biota contributions to soil aggregation","volume":"1","author":"Lehmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2025.105108","article-title":"Microplastics transport in soils: A critical review","volume":"264","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Earth Sci. Rev."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135578","article-title":"Assessment of microplastics in freshwater systems: A review","volume":"707","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118945","article-title":"Macro- and microplastic accumulation in soil after 32 years of plastic film mulching","volume":"300","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115106","article-title":"Effective transport of microplastics in soil: Role of macropores, rainfall, and soil moisture","volume":"266","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-0567-9","article-title":"Effective uptake of submicrometre plastics by crop plants via a crack-entry mode","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131675","article-title":"Visual tracking of label-free microplastics in wheat seedlings and their effects on crop growth and physiology","volume":"456","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02018","article-title":"Increasing temperature and microplastic fibers jointly influence soil aggregation by saprobic fungi","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.650155","article-title":"Effects of microplastic fibers on soil aggregation and enzyme activities are organic matter dependent","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.13227\/j.hjkx.201903113","article-title":"Effects of microplastics on the growth, physiology, and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)","volume":"40","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Huan Jing Ke Xue"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14255","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c14117","article-title":"Morphological rather than abundance factors control microplastic accumulation in wheat grains: A field-based study","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140523","article-title":"Terrestrial plants as a potential temporary sink of atmospheric microplastics during transport","volume":"742","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-025-02688-2","article-title":"Microplastic pollution changes soil nutrient availability, microbial properties, and ecosystem multifunctionality","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-01063-3","article-title":"Quantitative tracing of uptake and transport of submicrometre plastics in crop plants using lanthanide chelates as a dual-functional tracer","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135023","article-title":"Joint effects of microplastics and ciprofloxacin on their toxicity and fates in wheat: A hydroponic study","volume":"303","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111938","article-title":"Effect of different polymers of microplastics on soil organic carbon and nitrogen\u2014a mesocosm experiment","volume":"204","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160592","article-title":"Effects of microplastics on common bean rhizosphere bacterial communities","volume":"861","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10777","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04140","article-title":"Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin","volume":"50","author":"Nizzetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.03.092","article-title":"Microplastics undergo accelerated vertical migration in sand soil due to small size and wet-dry cycles","volume":"249","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2023.104215","article-title":"Exploring the vertical transport of microplastics in subsurface environments: Lab-scale experiments and field evidence","volume":"257","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17950","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36172-y","article-title":"Identification and quantification of macro- and microplastics on an agricultural farmland","volume":"8","author":"Piehl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149326","article-title":"Microplastics in agricultural soils, wastewater effluents and sewage sludge in Mauritius","volume":"798","author":"Ragoobur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2024.12.018","article-title":"Unveiling the microplastics degradation and its transformative effects on soil nutrient dynamics and plant health\u2014a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Rehman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126455","article-title":"Microplastics in the soil-groundwater environment: Aging, migration, and co-transport of contaminants\u2014a critical review","volume":"419","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13010057","article-title":"Phytotoxic effects of polystyrene microplastics on growth morphology, photosynthesis, gaseous exchange and oxidative stress of wheat vary with concentration and shape","volume":"13","author":"Riaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.1021\/es302011r","article-title":"Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil","volume":"46","author":"Rillig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01805","article-title":"Microplastic incorporation into soil in agroecosystems","volume":"8","author":"Rillig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00967-2","article-title":"The soil plastisphere","volume":"22","author":"Rillig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5979","article-title":"Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"368","author":"Rillig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15794","article-title":"Microplastic effects on plants","volume":"223","author":"Rillig","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01594-7","article-title":"Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms","volume":"7","author":"Rillig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaf085","article-title":"Microplastic impacts archaeal abundance, microbial communities, and their network connectivity in a sub-Saharan soil environment","volume":"101","author":"Rohrbach","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-08629-0","article-title":"Distinct influence of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on soil microorganisms and nitrogen cycling: Emphasizing the effect of biodegradable polylactic acid","volume":"236","author":"Ruan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Air Soil pollut."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2020.562263","article-title":"The \u201cplastisphere\u201d of biodegradable plastics is characterized by specific microbial taxa of alpine and arctic soils","volume":"8","author":"R\u00fcthi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05208","article-title":"Biodegradation of polymeric mulch films in agricultural soils: Concepts, knowledge gaps, and future research directions","volume":"53","author":"Sander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02237-w","article-title":"Minimal vertical transport of microplastics in soil over two years with little impact of plastics on soil macropore networks","volume":"6","author":"Schefer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-022-01638-9","article-title":"Hydrolyzable microplastics in soil\u2014low biodegradation but formation of a specific microbial habitat","volume":"58","author":"Sch\u00f6pfer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EM00304K","article-title":"Rainfall-induced lateral and vertical microplastic transport of varying sizes in agricultural fields","volume":"27","author":"Severe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-026-09187-9","article-title":"Unveiling the effects of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) on growth attributes and antioxidant defense system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"237","author":"Sevgi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Air Soil pollut."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119616","article-title":"Straw incorporation into microplastic-contaminated soil can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure","volume":"351","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06042","article-title":"Is biodegradable plastic mulch the solution to agriculture\u2019s plastic problem","volume":"51","author":"Sintim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2024.104456","article-title":"Rainfall-induced microplastic fate and transport in unsaturated Dutch soils","volume":"268","author":"Soltani Tehrani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-022-01870-2","article-title":"Microplastic contamination of composts and liquid fertilizers from municipal biowaste treatment plants: Effects of the operating conditions","volume":"14","author":"Steiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valorization"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.153","article-title":"Plastic mulching in agriculture. Trading short-term agronomic benefits for long-term soil degradation","volume":"550","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EN00309C","article-title":"Polystyrene nano- and microplastic accumulation at Arabidopsis and wheat root cap cells, but no evidence for uptake into roots","volume":"7","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142641","article-title":"Microplastics in agroecosystems: Soil\u2013plant dynamics and effective remediation approaches","volume":"362","author":"Tayyab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2021.100311","article-title":"Microplastics in agricultural soils: Sources, effects, and their fate","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s43591-024-00092-8","article-title":"Vertical movement of microplastics by roots of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) and the plant response in sandy soil","volume":"4","author":"Tumwet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microplast. Nanoplast."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1283852","article-title":"Nano-microplastic and agro-ecosystems: A mini-review","volume":"14","author":"Verma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.127516","article-title":"Uptake and translocation of polystyrene nanoplastics in edible plants via root and foliar exposure: A qualitative imaging-based study","volume":"390","author":"Vleeming","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.176","article-title":"Effects of microplastics on soil properties and microbial communities","volume":"667","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2025.110145","article-title":"Tillage changes transport and fate of microplastics in the agricultural environment","volume":"399","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120064","article-title":"Microplastics regulate soil microbial activities: Evidence from catalase, dehydrogenase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase","volume":"263","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127531","article-title":"Effects of microplastics on soil properties: Current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"424","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122337","article-title":"Sorption behavior of aged microplastics for heavy metals and pesticides in soil","volume":"392","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.209","article-title":"Microplastics as contaminants in the soil environment: A mini-review","volume":"691","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.733804","article-title":"Crops change the morphology, abundance, and mass of microplastics in Mollisols of Northeast China","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02387-5","article-title":"Microplastics and soil microbiomes","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap8060","article-title":"Organic fertilizer as a vehicle for the entry of microplastic into the environment","volume":"4","author":"Weithmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2013.05.001","article-title":"Biodegradation behavior of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), poly(lactic acid), and their blend under soil conditions","volume":"32","author":"Weng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124315","article-title":"Effects of biodegradable microplastics and straw addition on soil greenhouse gas emissions","volume":"356","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139608","article-title":"Clay minerals limit nanoplastic uptake in wheat plant","volume":"497","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1071\/EN18161","article-title":"Leaching of microplastics by preferential flow in earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) burrows","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136968","article-title":"Microbial degradation and other environmental aspects of microplastics\/plastics","volume":"715","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.004","article-title":"The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in Southwestern China","volume":"642","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16192807","article-title":"Degradation of polymer materials in the environment and its impact on the health of experimental animals: A review","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.149","article-title":"Effects of polyester microfibers on soil physical properties: Perception from a field and a pot experiment","volume":"670","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157886","article-title":"How do controlled-release fertilizer-coated microplastics dynamically affect Cd availability by regulating Fe species and DOC content in soil","volume":"850","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114232","article-title":"Irrigation-facilitated low-density polyethylene microplastic vertical transport along soil profile: An empirical model developed by column experiment","volume":"247","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2025.106369","article-title":"Exploring soil microplastic contamination pathways, influencing factors on distribution, eco-human implications, and nano-remediation strategies","volume":"214","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121814","article-title":"Microplastics in agricultural soils on the coastal plain of Hangzhou Bay, East China: Multiple sources other than plastic mulching film","volume":"388","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136052","article-title":"Accumulation of nanoplastics by wheat seedling roots: Both passive and energy-consuming processes","volume":"480","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6436","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08503","article-title":"Cellular process of polystyrene nanoparticles entry into wheat roots","volume":"56","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02777-x","article-title":"Multi-omics analyses reveal the responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rhizosphere bacterial community to nano(micro)plastics stress","volume":"22","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-026-37686-z","article-title":"Microplastic uptake and impacts on crops under realistic exposure: Implications for soil\u2013plant systems","volume":"33","author":"Ziajahromi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. pollut. Res."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.04.013","article-title":"Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge","volume":"138","author":"Zubris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. pollut."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15115","article-title":"Uptake and translocation of nanoplastics in mono and dicot vegetables","volume":"48","author":"Zytowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Plant Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1906511\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:29:03Z","timestamp":1785832143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1906511\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":127,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpls.2026.1906511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2026.1906511","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-462X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-462X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"article-number":"1906511"}}