{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:18:46Z","timestamp":1787635126237,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chilli (\n                    <jats:italic>Capsicum annuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) is an economically important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. Increasing drought stress associated with climate change has severely reduced chilli productivity. Although grafting and silicon-based nanomaterials have each been investigated independently as drought mitigation strategies in\n                    <jats:italic>Solanaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    crops, this study represents, to our knowledge, the first investigation of their combined physiological, yield, and genome-wide transcriptomic effects in chilli under experimentally validated drought stress. Biodynamic nanosilica (BNS) is an \u03b1-quartz nanoparticle preparation (20\u2013200 nm) derived from the biodynamic agricultural preparation BD501 through a vortex-triturating process, and distinct from chemically synthesised nanosilica in preparation method and surface bioavailability, applied as a foliar spray at 50 mg L\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Five treatments were established: well-watered (WW), drought (D), grafting + BNS + drought (G+B+D), grafting + drought (G+D), and BNS + drought (B+D), each with three independent biological replicates. Under moderate-to-severe drought conditions (DSI 62\u201364%; VWC ~12% v\/v at 14 days), the combined G+B+D treatment significantly improved plant height (3.05-fold over D), leaf relative water content (83% vs 49% in D), net photosynthetic rate (2.0-fold over D), water-use efficiency (+40%), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD: 3.1-fold; CAT: 2.8-fold over D), while reducing lipid peroxidation by 76%. Root architecture was also substantially enhanced, with a 4.1-fold increase in root length and a 3.1-fold increase in root surface area relative to D. Fruit yield increased by 79% relative to drought-stressed non-grafted plants. Transcriptomic analysis using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 identified 1,051 DEGs (431 upregulated, 620 downregulated; FDR &amp;lt; 0.05, |log\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    FC| &amp;gt; 1). Integrated transcriptomic\u2013phenotypic concordance analysis revealed enrichment of MAPK signalling, ABA-mediated regulation (including ABA binding and (+)-ABA 8\u2019-hydroxylase activity), and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as the enriched pathways. Protein-protein interaction network analysis further revealed coordinated regulation of redox homeostasis, drought-responsive hormone signalling, and water transport gene modules in the combined treatment. These findings demonstrate that integrating grafting with biodynamic nanosilica is a promising strategy to enhance drought resilience and productivity in chilli, offering a sustainable approach for vegetable production under drought.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1916999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:23:37Z","timestamp":1787631817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Grafting and biodynamic nanosilica-induced physiological and transcriptomic modulation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under drought stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Bharathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theivasigamani","family":"Parthasarathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109444","article-title":"SlWRKY81 reduces drought tolerance by attenuating proline biosynthesis in tomato","volume":"270","author":"Ahammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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