{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:03:27Z","timestamp":1790831007955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Plant Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Water\u2013fertilizer management is central to balancing productivity and environmental performance in greenhouse agriculture. Methods: In a spring\u2013autumn greenhouse Hami melon system in Xinjiang, five irrigation (W1\u2013W5) and three fertilization (F1\u2013F3) levels were combined. Life cycle assessment quantified the input-related carbon footprint, plant carbon storage was measured, and structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated associations among inputs, biomass, yield and carbon-footprint intensity. Results: Production inputs generated 12.77 t CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -eq ha\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with fertilizers (54.52%) and plastic film (23.16%) as the main sources. W4F3 achieved the highest yields (75.74 and 52.79 t ha\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    in spring and autumn, respectively) and plant carbon storage (up to 35.78 g C plant\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). In the fitted SEM, yield was strongly negatively associated with product carbon-footprint intensity (\u03b2\u00a0= \u22121.253, P &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas area-based emissions were positively associated with it (\u03b2 = 0.729). Under low irrigation, increasing fertilization did not consistently increase yield, while adequate water enabled fertilizer inputs to be converted more effectively into biomass and yield. Conclusion: Under the tested sandy-soil, cultivar and one-year greenhouse conditions, W4F3 (approximately 3420 m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ha\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    irrigation and 863 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    fertilizer) provided the most favorable balance between yield and product carbon-footprint intensity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1917283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:43:35Z","timestamp":1790829815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water\u2013fertilizer coupling balances yield and the input-related carbon footprint in double-cropping greenhouse Hami melon"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhenliang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanjiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi\u2019an University of Technology","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanfeng","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60911-4","article-title":"Advances in fertigation","volume":"65","author":"Bar-Yosef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. 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